Antibiotics

Question 1

Imipenem

Answer 1

• Beta-lactam (Carbapenem)
• Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
• Nephrotoxic unless combined with Cilastin (Renal DHP inhibitor)
• treat gram-positive bacteria

Question 2

Ampicillin

Answer 2

• Beta-lactam (penicillin)
• Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
• combined with Sulbactam (B-lactamase inhibitor)
• treat gram-positive bacteria

Question 3

Cephalexin

Answer 3

• Beta-lactam
• (1st Gen. Cephalosporin - PO - better for G+)
• Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
• skin infections , outpatient & surgical prophylaxis

Question 4

Vancomycin

Answer 4

Glycopeptide (IV normally) (oral if in stomach i.e. C. diff)
Targets (pentapeptide of Peptidoglycan [D-ala, D-ala])
Treats Gram-postitive

Question 5

Gentimicin

Answer 5

(Aminoglycoside - only bacterocidal inhibitor of protein syn.)
Parental administration
Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (30S)
Tx: Gram-neg & intracellular bacteria

Question 6

Doxycycline

Answer 6

• (tetracycline)
• Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (30S)
• PO, Do not use in pregnant women or children under 8
• SE: Yellowing & enamel damage of teeth, GI disturbances

Question 7

Amoxicillin

Answer 7

Beta-lactam
(penicillin)
Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
combined with Clavilanaic Acid (B-lactamase inhibitor)
treat gram-positive bacteria

Question 8

Tigecycline

Answer 8

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (30S)
PO, Do not use in pregnant women or children under 8
SE: Yellowing & enamel damage of teeth, GI disturbances

Question 9

Rifampin

Answer 9

• Inhibitor of nucleic acid metabolism (binds to Prokaryotic RNA pol, preventing INITIATION of transcription)
• distributes well to CNS (tx meningitis)
• enters macrophages (hitches ride to hard-to-reach pathogens)

Question 10

Chloramphemenicol

Answer 10

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (50S)

Tx: intracellular bacteria when tetracyclines not available (pregnant women)

Question 11

Penicillin G

Answer 11

Beta-Lactam
(IV)
Cell Wall Synthesis inhibitor (Transpepdidases)

Question 11

Pipercillin

Answer 11

Beta-lactam
(penicillin)
Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
combined with Tazobactam (B-lactamase inhibitor)
treat gram-positive bacteria

Question 12

Clarithromycin

Answer 12

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (50S)

Question 13

Ceftrizxone

Answer 13

Beta-lactam
(3rd Gen. Cephalosporin - IV - better for G-neg)
Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors (Transpepdidases)
TX: STIs & pediatric meningitis

Question 14

Azithromycin

Answer 14

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (50S)

Question 15

Fidaxomicin

Answer 15

• Inhibits transcription of RNA pol. (nucleic acid metab.)
• Pseudomembranous colitis, C Diff
• nephro- & neurotoxicities

Question 16

Clindamycin

Answer 16

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (50S)

Question 17

Mupirocin

Answer 17

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis

Bind isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, applied topically

Question 18

Ciprofloxin

Answer 18

Inhibitor of nucleic acid metabolism (DNA Gyrase - Topo2) (also topo4)

Question 20

Metronidazole

Answer 20

Pro-drug (activated by reduction via Ferredoxin enzyme)

Inhibitor of nucleic acid metabolism by producing toxins and ROS

Question 21

Cotrimoxazole

Answer 21

• (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole synergy, 1:20 ratio)
• Inhibitor of nucleic acid metabolism
• MOA: Inhibits tetrahydrofolate production

Question 22

Erythromycin

Answer 22

Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis (50S)

Question 23

Daptomycin

Answer 23

• Inhibitor of nucleic acid metabolism by depolarizing membrane potential.
• affects gram +
• inactivated by pulmonary surfactant (Can’t tx pneumonia)
• nephro- & neurotoxicities