Antibiotics Flashcards
Inactivated by lung surfactant
daptomycin
Does not treat bacteremia well
tigecycline
Combo that inhibits folic acid synthesis
Bactrim: trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
Combo for cell wall penetration and bactericide
penicillin (ampicillin) + aminoglycoside
(3) drugs that exhibit post-antibiotic effects
fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides
vancomycin
(4) drug classes that prevent cross-linking by inhibit transpeptidases
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
aztreonam
Drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthetase and polymerization of linear peptide (cx w/ D-alanyl-D-ala precursor)
vancomycin
Chloramphenicol MoA
inhibits peptidyl transferase and peptide band formation
(3) drugs that inhibit 50s ribosome
erythromycin
clindamycin
lincomycin
Tetracycline MOA
inhib. binding of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome; 30s
Streptogramins and Linezolid MOA
23s ribosome
Polymixin B and Colistin MOA
cationic detergents
Anti-fungals
azole and polyene antifungals
Rifampin MOA
Block initiation by binding holoenzyme
Fluoroquinolone MOA
block topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
Isoniazid and ethambutol MOA
inhib. lipid synthesis
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim MOA
prevents synthesis of folic acid
(3) Dangerous Drug Interactions
bactrim/erythromycin + warfarin
cipro + theophylline
linezolid + SSRIs
Relevant G+ microbes (3)
staph
strep
enterococcus
Piddly G- microbes (7)
haemophilus moraxella morganella shigella salmonella providencia neisseria
Fence G- microbes
PEK:
proteus
E. coli
Kleb
G- SPACE bugs
serratia pseudomonas acinetobacter citrobacter enterobacter
Atypical G- (3) + their associations
chlamydia (STD)
mycoplasma (walking pneumonia)
legionella (contaminated water towers)
Anaerobes (3)
peptostreptococcus
bacteroides
clostridium
Ace In the Hole
Aztreonam (penicillin anaphylaxis)
“Last Resort” Abx
Colistin
MOA of Penicillins
inhibition of transpeptidases, transglycosylases, D-ala carboxykinases
Penicillin for rheumatic fever prophylaxis
IM Benzathine Penacillin
Which penicillins are effective against penG-resistant bugs (i.e. antistaphylococcal)?
IV: oxacillin, nafcillin
PO: cloxacillin, dicloxacillin
Aminopenicillins: Drugs, Coverage, Adverse Effects
ampicillin, amoxicillin
strep+enterococcus+some piddly+some fence
more diarrhea b/c poor absorption (take w/ food)
Carboxypenicillins: Drugs, MOA, Coverage, Adverse Effects
ticarcillin, carbenicillin incr. permeability of cell wall strep, piddly/PEK, SpACE ticarcillin: high Na load carboxy group messes w/ platelets
Ureidopenicillins: Drugs, Coverage
piperacillin, mezlocillin
strep, enterococcus, PEK, SPACE, bacteroides
Zosyn
piperacillin + tazobactam
*most prescribed in US
additionally covers staph and anaerobes
Timentin
ticarcillin + clavulanic acid
additionally covers staph and anaerobes
Causes of eosinophilia
NAACP: neoplasm asthma allergies connective tissue parasites
Adverse effects of penicillin use (general)
Interstitial Nephritis
Pseudomembranous Colitis (c. dif infx)
Hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Reaches inflamed meninges at high doses
3rd generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)
Combo: imipenem + cilastatin
Prevents renal metabolism
Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem coverage
everything but atypicals (incl. enterococcus)
Ertapenem coverage
staph, strep
anaerobes
PEK
Aztreonam coverage
G- (incl. SPACE)
Aminoglycoside MOA
bind outer membrane, rearrange LPS, uptake and trap, bind 50s and 30s