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Integrated > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Class of amoxicillin?

A

Penicillin - beta lactam, broad spectrum

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2
Q

Action of amoxicillin?

A

Bactericidal - interfere with cell wall synthesis

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3
Q

Indications for amoxicillin?

A

Gram +ve bacterial infections (strep, staph), gram -ve infections (haem influenzae).

UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP, invasive salmonellosis, listerial meningitis.

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4
Q

Contra-indications of amoxicillin?

A

Penicillin hypersensitivity

Suspected glandular fever or acute/chronic lymphocytic lukaemia - risk of erythematous rash developing.

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5
Q

Possible interactions?

A

OCP - decreased effectiveness
Digoxin - toxicity
Methotrexate - toxicity
Anticoagulants - prolonged bleeding

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6
Q

Cephradine class?

A

Cephalosporins

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7
Q

Cephradine action?

A

Broad spectrum of activity against gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria. Also highly active against most strains of penicillinase-producing staphylococci.

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8
Q

Indications for cephalosporins?

A

Bacterial infections of respiratory and urinary tracts and skin and soft tissues

URTIs - sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsilitis, otitis media
LRTIs - acute/chronic bronchitis, lobar and bronchopneumonia
UTIs - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis
Skin/soft tissues - impetigo, abscess, cellulitis

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9
Q

Interactions of cephradine?

A

Loop diuretics may increase nephrotoxicity

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10
Q

What is trimethroprim?

A

Antifolate abx

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11
Q

How does trimethoprim work?

A

Oral bacteriostatic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. (Folate = essential cofactor in DNA synthesis)

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12
Q

Indications for trimethoprim?

A

Mainly UTIs (E.coli, proteus mirabilis)

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13
Q

Contra-indications of trimethoprim?

A

Pregnancy
Severe renal impairment
Blood disorders (anaemia, thrombocytopenia)

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14
Q

Interactions of trimethoprim?

A

Cyclosporins - increased risk nephrotoxicity

Pyrimethamine - increased antifolate effects

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15
Q

Class doxycycline?

A

Tetracyclines

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16
Q

Action of doxycycline?

A

Bacteriostatic - inhibit protein synthesis.

17
Q

Indications of doxyccycline?

A

RTIs - strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae
UTIs - klebsiella, enterobacter, E.coli, strep faecalis
STIs - chlamydia trachomatis
Acne vulgaris
Chronic prostatitis, syphilis, chronic bronchitis exacerbation

18
Q

Contraindications of tetracycline?

A

Children

19
Q

Possible interactions of doxycycline?

A

Carbamezapine/phenytoin - increased doxycycline metabolism
Methotrexate - increased risk of toxicity
Milk reduces absorption

20
Q

What is gentamicin?

A

aminoglycoside - bactericidal abx - inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding irreversibly to 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

21
Q

What is gentamicin active against?

A

Escherichia, enterobacter, klebsiella, salmonella, serratia, staph aureus, some proteus, pseudomonas
Effective against penicillin-resistant staphylococci, rarely against streptococci.

22
Q

Gentamicin side effects?

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

23
Q

Gentamicin interactions?

A

Cyclosporin - potentiates nephrotoxic effects

Loop diuretcis - potentiate nephrotoxic/ototoxic effects

24
Q

Gentamicin contraindications?

A

Pregnancy, myasthenia gravis

25
Q

What is erythromycin?

A

macrolide

26
Q

Action of erythromycin?

A

Broad spec bacteriostatic abx - inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding irreversibly to 5s subunit of bacterial ribosomes

27
Q

Indications for erythromycin?

A

URTI - tonsilitis, peritonsilar abscess, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis,
LRTIs - tracheitis, acute/chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, legionnaire’s disease
Ear infection - otitis media/externa, mastoiditis
Eye - blepharitis
Skin/soft tissue - boils, paronychia, abscesses, pustular acne, impetigo, cellulites
GI - cholecystitis, staphylococcal entercolitis

28
Q

Erythromycin interactions?

A

Inhibitor of CYP450 so increases conc of drugs

29
Q

What is ciprofloxacin?

A

Quinolone

30
Q

How does ciprofloxacin work?

A

Broad spectrum bactericidal abx. Inhibits DNA gyrase

31
Q

Indications for ciprofloxacin?

A

Staph aureus, haem influenzae, e coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, moraxella, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter

LRTIs due to gram -ve bacteria. Chronic suppurative otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, UTIs, genital tract infections, infections of GI tract, intraabdominal infections, infections of skin and soft tissue, malignant external otitis, infections of bone and joints

32
Q

Contraindications of ciprofloxacin?

A

Prego, kids, epilepsy, can cause tendon rupture, can precipitate attack in G6PD deficiency

33
Q

Interactions of ciprofloxacin?

A

Is a P450 inhibitor

34
Q

What is metronidazole?

A

Anaerobic antibiotic

Bacteriacidal - toxin compounds kill microbes by interfering with nucleic acid function and synthesis

35
Q

Spectrum of metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes (clostridia, bacteriodes), protozoa, trichomonas, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, balantidium coli

36
Q

Indications of metronidazole?

A

Stuff infected with anaerobes

37
Q

Metronidazole interactions?

A

P450 inhibitor

Integrated (6 decks)

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