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My Yr 2 > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin is a….

A

beta lactam

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2
Q

cephalosporins are…

A

beta lactams

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3
Q

carbapenems are…

A

beta lactams

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Penicillins?

A

Cell wall disruption in actively dividing cells

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5
Q

What types of organism are sensivitive to penicillins?

A

gram +ve cocci - Streptococcus

Gram -ve cocci/bacilli - Listeria

Spirochetes - Syphilis

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6
Q

Co-amoxiclav contains which additional agent? Why

A

Clauvulanic acid, this prevents the action of beta lactamases produced by resistant microbes.

Also used in staph infecions

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7
Q

What are the general uses of Penicilins?

A

Broad: RTI’s. UTI’s, Skin and ear infections

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8
Q

Name the potential side-effects of penicillin use…

A

hypersensitivity:
In 10 % (0.2% anaphylaxis)

Diarrhoea

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9
Q

Cephadrine and Cephalexin have uses in what sort of conditions?

A

These 1st generation cephalosporins are used skin/soft tissue infection

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10
Q

Cefuroxime is used to treat what?

A

This 2nd generation cephalosporin is used in C.A. Pneumonia

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11
Q

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are used in what?

A

3rd Gen Cephs, these are for meningitis and pseudomonas

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12
Q

Name 2 macrolides

A

Erythromycin Clarithromycin

Note the -romycin suffix

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13
Q

how do macrolides work?

A

they inhibit protein synthesis

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14
Q

What is the side effect profile of Macrolides as a group?

A 
Inhibit liver metabolism of warfarin and statins
 - may induce OD
D and V
Liver dysfunction
Arrythmias
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15
Q

Name 2 Quinolones

A

Ciproflaxicin, Levofloxacin

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16
Q

How do quinolones work?

A

inhibition of DNA coiling

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17
Q

What is the spectrum of the quinolones group?

A

Generally broad spectrum, although second line

-only effective oral treatment for pseudomonas (as a group)

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18
Q

What can inhibit ciprofloxacin?

A

Metals

19
Q

What are the contraindications for use of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin?

A

Epilepsy - reduced fever threshold

Children

20
Q

With which anticoagulant can quinolones interact?

A

Warfarin - can potentiate it’s effects

21
Q

Name 2 tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline Oxytetracycline

22
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A

inhibition of protein synthesis

23
Q

What are tetracyclines used to treat?

A

Skin and soft tissue infection

Acne

24
Q

What are the contraindications to tetracycline use?

A

Children

Breastfeeding women

Pregancy

Can be incorporated into bones and teeth causing discolouration and growth stunting

25
Q

Name a side effect of tetracycline use

A

photosensitivity

26
Q

Name 3 aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin Tobramycin and Amikacin

27
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

enter via 02 dependent transport system and inhibit protein synthesis

.: no action vs. anaerobes

28
Q

What are aminoglycosides used in? how are they administered?

A

RTI and TB

I.V

29
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycoside use?

A

Ototoxicity especially in the elderly

Nephrotoxicity

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

A

Inhibition of folate production

31
Q

How does metronidazole work?

A

it causes DNA damage

32
Q

Against what sort of organisms is metronidazole effective?

Where might such infections occur?

A

Anaerobes

Abdo, perineal, GI

33
Q

What are the side effects of Metronidazole?

A

Vomiting, tachycardia and dyspnoea if taken with alcohol

Rash and metallic taste

34
Q

How does Rifampicin work?

A

It inhibits RNA production

35
Q

Name a disease that Rifampicin is used to treat…

A

TB

in conjunction with isoniazid and pyrazinamide

36
Q

Side effects and interactions of Rifampacin include….

A

P450 induction
increased metabolism of P450 metabolised drugs

Thromboembolism risk in warfarin

Stains contact lenses orange

37
Q

Isoniazid is used in…..

A

TB combination therapy

38
Q

Give an example of 2 glycopeptides….

A

Vancomycin teicoplanin

39
Q

How do glycopeptides work?

A

inhibit cell wall production and damage cytoplasm

40
Q

What diseases can be treated with Vancomycin

A

MRSA

resistant C.Diff

41
Q

How is vancomycin administered?

A

I.V.

42
Q

What is the side effect profile of Vancomycin?

A

Ototoxicity

Nephtotoxicity

Red man syndrome

43
Q

What is red man syndrome?

A

An infusion reaction consisting of, flushing and/or erythematous rash affecting the face, neck and upper torso due to non-specific mast cell degranulation.

Hypotension and angioedema may also occur.

My Yr 2 (2 decks)

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