Antibiotics 3 - Ribosome Inhibitors of 30S & 50S

Question 1

What are the 30S Ribosome Inhibitors?

Answer 1

(“AT 30, CCML 50”)
Aminoglycosides,
& Tetracyclins.

Question 2

Are Ribosome Inhibitors bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 2

All ribosome inhibitors are bacteriostatic,
except “A-mean-oglyco-slides” are bacteriocidal b/c they cause ribosome to “slide”/misread accumulating misfolded proteins.

Question 3

Gentamycin, Amikacin, Streptomycin

Answer 3

Aminoglycoside (bacteriocidal, at 30S ribosome).

Question 4

______-mycin?

Answer 4

ribosome inhibitor antibiotics (except daptomycin),

+ but can be aminoglycosides, clindamycin, or macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin).

Question 5

What is the best way to give aminoglycosides?

Answer 5

Aminoglycoside will get through to inside of cell better if GIVEN WITH A CELL-WALL INHIBITOR for enhanced effect.

Question 6

How should aminoglycosides be monitored?

Answer 6

should monitor TROUGH LEVELS,

to avoid Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and NMJ blockade

Question 7

Chloramphenicol?

Answer 7

blocks ribosomes at 50S.

Question 8

Main concerns with chloramphenicol?

Answer 8

(“chloraform-amphenicol” = toxic, grey baby and bones),
GREY BABY SYNDROME (baby liver cannot process),
& two types of BONE MARROW TOXICITY (reversible dose-related, and reversible idiosyncratic aplastic anemia).

Question 9

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

Answer 9

Macrolides (block 50S).

Question 10

Main use for macrolides?

Answer 10

Atypical Pneumonia (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella).

Question 11

Main concern with macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)?

Answer 11

prolonged QT interval,

and cholestatic jaundice

Question 12

Telithromycin?

Answer 12

(“teleport-thromycin”),
avoids efflux pump,
(so effective even if macrolide-resistant).

Question 13

Names for most ribosome inhibitors?

Answer 13

____-mycin & ____- cyclin.

Question 14

Clindamycin

Answer 14

blocks 50S.

Question 15

Main concern with clindamycin?

Answer 15

(“Clindamycin Colitis”),

Can cause C. diff pseudomembranous colitis.

Question 16

Methods of clindamycin resistance?

Answer 16

resistance to clindamycin can be induced by erythromycin (D-test) if it causes a change in the ribosomal target (but NOT if it only uses a efflux pump).

Question 17

Quinoprostin/Dalfopristin?

Answer 17

ribosome 50S blockers that are bacteriocidal when used together in combination.

Question 18

Linezolid?

Answer 18

unique blocker of ribosomes by preventing initial assembly of ribosome complex.

Question 19

Main concern with Linezolid?

Answer 19

("LIZ-olid = crazy")
Serotonin Syndrome (don't use with MAOIs).