Antibiotics 3 and antivirals

Question 1

regarding ciprofloxacin (Cipro) name the class and describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects.

Answer 1

Class: fluroquinolone’s
MOA: inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Both are needed for DNA replication and cell division. RAPIDLY bactericidal.

therapeutic uses: infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI tract, bones, joints, skin, and soft tissues. Preferred for anthrax prophylaxis in people who have inhaled anthrax spores. Alternative to parenteral treatment for serious infections.

adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, dirrhea, abdominal pain,
CNS: dizziness, headache, restlessness, confusion. Candidia infections of the pharynx and vagina. Seizures are very rare but have occure. In older adults confusion risk is higher along with risk for psychosis, somnolence, and visual disturbances.

Can cause tendon rupture, specifically the achilles tendon. RISK: 60 and older, those taking glucocorticoids, and those who have undergone heart, lung, or kidney transplantation.
Phototoxicity–advise patients to avoid sunlight and sunlamps. People who go outside must wear protective clothing and apply sunscreen. If there is evidence of a phototoxic reaction hold.

Can increase the risk of developing C Diff.

Question 2

state mechanism of action and therapeutic uses for acyclovir

Answer 2

MOA: inhibits viral replication by suppressing synthesis of viral DNA.

therapeutic uses: mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections, varicella-zoster infections, herpes simplex genitalis.