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Various - mainly clin pharm > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for mild/moderate cellulitis?

A

Oral Penicillin V and fluclox

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2
Q

Abx for severe cellulitis?

A

IV benpen and fluclox

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3
Q

3 organisms which cause osteomyelitis/joint infections?

A

Staph. Aureus
Streptococci
Staph Epidermidis

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4
Q

2 Abx options in bone/joint infections?

A 
IV Flucloxacillin (+ fusidic acid for osteomyelitis)
or Clindamycin alone
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5
Q

Which drug to use in cellulitis if penicillin allergic?

A

Erythromycin

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6
Q

Abx for sore throat (if bacterial)?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (aka Penicillin V) Erythromycin or other macrolides if allergic.

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7
Q

Organisms causing CA pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcus (Strep. pneumoniae) - main
Haemophilus
‘Atypicals’
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Legionella

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8
Q

Abx for severe CAPneumonia?

A

Co-amoxiclav (IV) or

2nd/3rd gen. cephalosporin + Macrolide

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9
Q

Abx for mild/moderate CAPneumonia?

A

Amoxycillin
+ macrolide (if ‘atypical suspected’)
or macrolide alone if penicillin allergic

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10
Q

Organisms which cause COPD exacerbations?

A

Pneumococcus (Strep. pneumoniae) Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

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11
Q

Rx for COPD infective exacerbations?

A

Amoxycillin
(Or Clarithromycin
Or Tetracycline)

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12
Q

SEs of tetracyclines

A

 Deposited in bone and teeth (grey staining)
 Avoid in pregnancy and breast feeding and children < 12 years
 May exacerbate renal impairment

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13
Q

Bacterial causes of infective diarrhoea?

A 
E. Coli
Salmonella Campylobacter
Shigella
S Aureus
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
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14
Q

Which bugs (diarrhoea) is ciprofloxacin used for?

A

Campylobacter
Salmonella
Typhoid fever

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15
Q

Standard management of gastroenteritis?

A

Often viral and self-limiting

No antibiotic usually indicated (unless systemic symptoms)

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16
Q

When are quinolones used?

A

Prophylaxis for meningococcus, some activity against Pseudomonas

17
Q

What type of bugs is metronidazole used for?

A

ANAEROBES! eg. as part of triple therapy for H. pylori if pen. allergic

18
Q

Drug options for GI infections/peritonitis post surgeryBugs most likely to be causing infection/peritonitis post GI surgery?

A

2nd/3rd gen. cephalosporin + metronidazole
or
Co-amoxiclav alone

19
Q

Best ceph for meningococcus?

A

Ceftriaxone

20
Q

Best ceph for pseudomonas?

A

Ceftazidime

21
Q

Main bugs causing UTI?

A

E. Coli (60-90%)
Proteus (10%)
Klebsiella
Staph aureus

22
Q

Treating a mild-moderate UTI? Which route, and how long for?

A

Oral Abx = fine. A 3-day course is usually sufficient
Trimethoprim (unless pregnant)
or Amoxycillin / Nitrofurantoin /Ciprofloxacin

23
Q

Treating a severe UTI?

A

IV.
Co-amoxiclav or
2nd/3rd gen. cephalosporin
± gentamicin

24
Q

When should trimethoprim not be used?

A

Avoid in pregnancy

25
Q

3 bugs which cause meningitis?

A

Meningococcus (N. meningitidis) Pneumococcus (Strep. pneumoniae) Haemophilus influenzae

26
Q

Abx for meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone IV - all cases are severe

27
Q

Prophylaxis for meningitis contacts?

A

Rifampicin or cipro

28
Q

When to change an antibiotic?

A

No improvement
Clinical deterioration
Sensitivity low or absent
Adverse effects

29
Q

Egs of gram -ve aerobic bacilli?

A

Gut bacteria:

E. Coli Proteus Klebsiella Salmonella

30
Q

Gram -ve aerobic coccus?

A

Neisseria

31
Q

2 most famous groups of Gram +ve aerobic cocci?

A

Staphs (clusters) and streps (chains)

32
Q

3 atypicals?

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

33
Q

Resistance to penicillins is based on:

Which types are resistant?

A

Destroyed by beta-lactamase (S. aureus and some anaerobes) except fluclox & co-amoxiclav

34
Q

How is fluclox different from normal penicillin?

A

FLUCLOXACILLIN - beta-lactamase resistant

35
Q

How is co amoxiclav different from penicillin?

Side effect?

A

AMOXYCILLINCLAVULINIC ACID - beta-lactamase inhibitor, may cause jaundice

36
Q

Is penicillin safe in pregnancy?

A

Yes

Various - mainly clin pharm (5 decks)

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