Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Test 4 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

0
Q

Prophylactic Therapy

A

Prevention; do it before

Giving a antibiotic even though you don’t have a infection to try and prevent it. It could be done before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Empiric Therapy

A

Best guess for the choice of antibiotic ; confirmed by C&S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ATB Resistance

A

General cause : OVERUSE of antibiotics

Bacteria learn to fight antibiotics so it doesn’t work for bacteria anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Superinfection

A

Infection that usually happens when you are grating one infection and you get something else. Normal flora can’t fight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Hospital acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Broad spectrum

A

Antibiotic that kills a lot of different bugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

Usually used for specific drugs or classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compliance

A

How well you follow medication instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anti-Bacterial Agents classes

A 
Sulfonamides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Miscellaneous agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do Sulfonamides achieve high concentration

A

In the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One of the first groups of ATBs

Many organisms susceptible, now resistant

A

Sulfonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications of Sulfonamides

A

UTIs

URIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications of Sulfonamides

A

Allergies of Sulfa

Allergies to like drugs: Sulfonylureas, thiazides and loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Side effects of Sulfonamides

A

Common cause of allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interactions with Sulfonamides

A

Potentials the effect of Sulfonylureas=hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas are used in diabetics. If you make them work even better then hypoglycemia is a major side effect to watch for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nursing considerations for Sulfonamides

A
  • Increase fluid intake to 1500-3000 ml/day unless otherwise contraindicated
  • Caution with liver or renal impairment patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bactrim

A

Sulfonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are Penicillins synthesized

A

From molds, so a lot of allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penicillins and Cephalosporins are also known as “__________” antibiotics. Why?

A

BetaLactam antibiotics because these agents have a center “beta lactam” ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why were Cephalosporins developed

A

Were developed for those who couldn’t take PCN d/t allergies…they have a broader spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bacterial resistance to PCN

A
  • Some bacteria produce penicillinase or beta-lactamase
  • beta-lactamase inhibitors and penicillinase inhibitors developed: added to PCNs, improve effectiveness, decrease resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Indications of Penicillins

A

Strep, Staph, and Enterococcus

Commonly gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Side effects of Penicillins and Cephalosporins

A

Both well tolerated
Penicillins= frequent allergy
Cephalosporins= GI distress
***some cross sensitivity between PCN and Cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nursing considerations for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Always check for allergy
Caution with neonates and pregnancy
Caution with history of ASTHMA and MULTIPLE ALLERGENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Keflex

A

Oral

Cephalosporins

25
Q

Safe alternative to PCN

A

Macrolides

26
Q

Mechanism of action of Macrolides

A

Prohibits protein synthesis

27
Q

Indications of Macrolides

A 
Streptococcus infections
Lower respiratory infections
Syphilis and Lyme disease
STDs
Diabetic gastroparesis
Helicobacter pylori
28
Q

Side effects Macrolides

A

Basically GI; Zithromax and Biaxin are less irritating

29
Q

Nursing considerations Macrolides

A

Caution with neonates and pregnancy, caution with history of asthma and multiple allergens, take with food

30
Q

-mycin=

A

Macrolides

31
Q

What is Zithromax (azithromycin)? Used for?

A

Macrolides

Used for pneumonia and sometimes strep

32
Q

Inhibits the action of ADH; useful in SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone)

A

Declomycin

33
Q

Indications of Tetracyclines

A 
STDs
Lyme disease 
Helicobacter pylori
SIADH
Persistent of chronic pneumothorax 
Acne
34
Q

Contraindications of Tetracyclines

A

Drug allergy; avoided in pregnancy and in children less than 8!!!!

35
Q

What should you not give a Tetracycline with? Why?

A

Dairy products because it won’t be absorbed

36
Q

Side effects of Tetracyclines

A

Teeth discoloration in children still developing and photosensitivity

37
Q

Why do is teeth discoloration a side effect of Tetracyclines is children still developing

A

It’s chemical ability to bind with Ca, Mg, and Al to form insoluble complexes causes tooth discoloration in children under 8

38
Q

Nursing considerations of Tetracyclines

A

NOT to be used in children under 8 or pregnant women

Caution with renal or hepatic disease

39
Q

Vibramycin (doxycycline)

A

Tetracyclines

40
Q

What way should you give Aminoglycosides

A

All IV antibiotics, or IM

NOT orally

41
Q

Why should you not give Aminoglycosides orally

A

Poor GI absorption

42
Q

Serious toxicities of Aminoglycosides

A

Renal failure

Hearing loss

43
Q

How are Aminoglycosides usually used

A

Synergistic (in combination)

Rarely used as a 1st line drug due to toxicity

44
Q

Contraindications of Aminoglycosides

A

Allergy

Renal disease

45
Q

Side effects of Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicty, renal toxicity, both reversible if caught early

46
Q

Nursing considerations Aminoglycosides

A

Monitor renal function test = BUN and Creatinine
Increase fluid intake
Peak and trough levels regularly used
Immediately report hearing loss or tinnitus

47
Q

Garamycin (gentamicin)

A

Aminoglycosides

48
Q

Excellent oral absorption

Can give once to twice a day

A

Fluoroquinoloness

49
Q

Fluoroquinoloness have a _________ spectrum

A

Broader spectrum, covers a wide variety of gram - and a selected gram +

50
Q

Indications of Fluoroquinoloness

A

Respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections

Anthrax (post exposure)

51
Q

Contraindications of Fluoroquinoloness

A

Not used with patients receiving certain anti-arrhythmic drugs=altered cardiac function

52
Q

Side effects of Fluoroquinoloness

A

CNS: headache, dizziness, restlessness
GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation

53
Q

Who should you not recommend Cipro to?

A

Children used 18- some cartilage development studies shown in animals

Cipro=Fluoroquinoloness

54
Q

Nursing considerations Fluoroquinoloness

A

No Cipro in children under 18
Immediately report signs of tendon pain and inflammation.
Immediately report signs of dizziness, restlessness, stomach distress, and fast heart rate
Don’t take with multivitamins or mineral supplements because Ca, Mg, iron, and zinc decrease absorption up to 90%

55
Q

Cipro (ciprofloxacin)

A

Fluoroquinoloness

56
Q

Levaquin (levofloxacin)

A

Fluoroquinoloness

57
Q

Flagyl (metronidazole)

A

Good for Anaerobic organisms
Widely used for intrabdominal and and gynecological infections.
Also used for protozoal infections

58
Q

Macrodantin (nitrofurantonin)

A

**UTIs

Indicted primarily for UTIs caused by Ecoli, S.aureus, Klebsiella, Enterbacter

59
Q

Vancomycin

A

Only IV. Natural bactericidal antibiotic. ATB of choice for C-diff

60
Q

How is MRSA now being treated

A

Combination of Sulfonamide and Cephalosporin.

Bactrim and Keflex

Pharm Test 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions