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Pharm Test 4 > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

0
Q

How soon do you show symptoms with a virus

A

5-7 days

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1
Q

What is not an effective way to treat viruses

A

Antibiotics

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2
Q

Why is it hard to kill a virus

A

Reproduce/replicate only within a host cell

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3
Q

Transmission of a virus

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Transplacentally (mother to child)
Inoculation

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4
Q

Latent or dormant infection

A

Viral infection that has been around forever and is just now showing up

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5
Q

“Silent” infection

A

You have the infection and don’t show symptoms but are still contagious

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6
Q

Rhinovirus

A 
Common cold (runny nose) 
Gets rid of itself, no medication
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7
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

A

Influenza
Prevention is best approach
If an antiviral is given within first 48 hours, it could shorten the infection by 2 days

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8
Q

Hepadnaviruses

A

Hepatitis
Sometimes go Undiagnosed
Can cause permanent liver damage

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9
Q

Herpesviruses

A

Herpes
Usually nOt life threatening
Can be put on antibiotic to ensure blister doesn’t get infected
Prophylactic therapy

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10
Q

Retrovirus

A

HIV
fatal if untreated
It is a retrovirus because it works backwards
It is gradual destruction of immune system

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11
Q

Symmetrel (amantadine)

A

Anti-viral
Influenza
Cheap

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12
Q

Tamiflu (oseltamivir)

A

Anti-viral
Influenza
Expensive

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13
Q

Zovirax (acyclovir)

A

Anti-viral

Herpes simplex

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14
Q

Valtrex (valacyclovir)

A

Anti-viral

Herpes simplex

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15
Q

Retrovir (zidovudine)

A

Anti-viral

HIV

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16
Q

How damaging are fungal infections

A

They aren’t. They aren’t a big deal

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17
Q

Why won’t an antibacterial work on a fungus

A

Fungi cell structure more equal to humans than bacteria

18
Q

What is another term for fungal infections

A

Mycosis

19
Q

Superficial fungal infections

A

Mild

Include: candidas, epidermophytons (ringworm, jock itch, athletes foot)

20
Q

Systemic fungal infections

A

Can be severe and life threatening
Histoplasmosis (lung)
Pneumocystis Carinii (lung especially with HIV)
Cryptococcus (meningitis especially with HIV)

21
Q

How can you get a fungal infection

A

1) orally, implanted under skin, inhaled

2) over use of antibiotics

22
Q

Why would overuse of antibiotics cause a fungal infection

A

Antibiotic kills normal flora that would usually guard you against fungal infections

23
Q

How are most anti-fungal agents administered

A

Topically

24
Q

Mycostatin (nystatin)

A

Anti-fungal
Topical
If given oral it is a “swish and swallow”

25
Q

Lamisil (terbinafine)

A

Anti-fungal

Topical

26
Q

Diflucan (fluconazole)

A

Anti-fungal

Topical and oral

27
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Anti-fungal
Given for SERIOUS SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
lots of serious side effects

28
Q

Cancidas (caspofungin)

A

Anti-fungal
For serious systemic infections
Less side effects

29
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Aerobic bacillus
Most commonly in lungs
Slow growing

30
Q

Tuberculosis is transmitted from______ by ______

A

Humans, cows, birds

Droplets from coughing or sneezing that host inhales

31
Q

If a person is on what two drugs, does it mean they have or have had tuberculosis

A

INH (isoniazid)

Rifadin (rifampin)

32
Q

What is the difference in taking one anti-tubercular versus both

A

If you are only taking one it is prophylaxis

If you are taking both it is treatment

33
Q

How long must you continue anti-tubercular agents

A

6-12 months

34
Q

What should you do as soon as you see INH or rifadin on someone’s med lis

A

Ask how long they have been on them

If for a short period if time. Assume contagious and leave room

35
Q

What are protozoals

A

Single celled animals

Parasites

36
Q

Quinamm (quinine)

Aralen (chloroquine)

A

Anti-protozoals

Agents for malaria

37
Q

Flagyl (metronidazole)

A

Anti-protozoals
Giardia and cryptosporidium
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomonas

38
Q

Where are Helminths most often seen

A

Mostly in children

39
Q

What are Helminths

A

Parasitic worms

40
Q

How many groups of worms are there

A

4

41
Q

Side effects of anthelmintic agents

A

Mostly GI upset

Due to drugs fighting the infection in the bowel

42
Q

Echinacea

A

Herb
Immune system booster

Don’t take longer than 7-10 days

43
Q

Tea tree

A

Herb

Great anti-virul and anti-fungal

Pharm Test 4 (7 decks)

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