Antibiotics

Question 1

Innate Resistance

Answer 1

Resistance to an antimicrobial is a characteristic property of a species
e.g. Mycoplasma species are innately resistant to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 2

Acquired resistance

Answer 2

Acquisition of resistance to an antimicrobial by members of a species that is normally sensitive
Mutation
Gene transfer

Question 3

Mechanisms of acquired antimicrobial resistance

Answer 3

Inactivation of drug (usually enzymatic)
Modification of target (enzymatic or mutational)
Prevention of access to target
Blocking entry of the antibiotic to the cell
Active efflux of the antibiotic from the cell

Question 4

Selective toxicity

Answer 4

The microorganism is inhibited or killed without harm to the host cells

Question 5

Therapeutic index

Answer 5

A measure of the difference in effective dose relative to toxic dose

Question 6

Antimicrobial spectrum

Answer 6

The range of organisms that are inhibited by a given agent

Question 7

Beta lactams

Answer 7

inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 8

Macrolides

Answer 8

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 9

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 9

Inhibits DNA synthesis