antibiotics 2

Question 1

Beta-Lactam compounds

Answer 1

Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems

• AGENTS ARE BACTERICIDAL
• These are susceptible to the bacterial enzyme Beta-Lactamase which can hydrolyze the lactam ring and render the compound ineffective

Question 2

Mech for resistance of Penicillins and cephalosporins

Answer 2

1. Expression of Beta-Lactamase
2. Alteration in PBP binding to drug
3. Alteration in porin function

Question 3

Mech of resistance for aminoglycosides

Answer 3

1. Expression of enzymes that alter chemical structure of the drug

Question 4

Mech of resistance for macrolides

Answer 4

1. Transport of drug out of the cell (drug efflux)
2. alterations of drug bniding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 5

mech of resistance for tetracyclines

Answer 5

1. transport of drug out of cell (drug efflux)

Question 6

Mech of resistance for sulfonamides

Answer 6

1. less sensitive drug target
2. increased synthesis of PABA
3. scavenge or use other sources of folic acid

Question 7

mech of resistance for fluoroquinolones

Answer 7

1. less sensitive drug target
2. transport of drug out of cell (drug efflux)

Question 8

mech of resistance for chloramphenicol

Answer 8

1. expression of inactivating enzymes