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MICRO 308 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

beta-lactams mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit transpeptidation step in PG synthesis
  • bind penicillin-binding proteins
  • stimulate autolysins
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2
Q

beta-lactams resistance mechanisms

A
  • gram-negative outer membrane (intrinsic)
  • Porin Mutations
  • beta-lactamases
  • modify target
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3
Q

Examples of beta-lactams

A
  • Penicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Cefobid
  • Augmentin
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4
Q

Glycopeptides mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit transglycosylation and transpeptidation steps in PG synthesis by binding D-Ala to D-Ala
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5
Q

Glycopeptides Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • Gram negative outer membrane

- modify target (ex substitute D-Ala-D-lactate for D-Ala-D-Ala)

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6
Q

beta-Lactams spectrum of activity

A
  • gram positive and depending on the agent gram negative
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7
Q

Glycopeptides Spectrum of Activity

A
  • mainly just Gram Positive
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8
Q

Examples of Glycopeptides

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Teichoplanin
  • Daptomycin
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9
Q

Aminoglycosides Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind 16S rRNA in 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
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10
Q

Aminoglycosides Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • Inactivation of antibiotic by adding groups
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11
Q

Aminoglycosides Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Broadly Bactericidal
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12
Q

Examples of Aminoglycosides

A
  • Kanamycin
  • Gentamicin
  • Streptomycin
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13
Q

Tetracyclines Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind 16S rRNA in 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome

- disrupt bacterial membrane

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14
Q

Tetracyclines Resistance Mechanism

A
  • inactivation of antibiotic
  • ribosome protection
  • efflux system
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15
Q

Tetracyclines Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Broadly bacteriostatic

- some protozoa

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16
Q

Examples of Tetracyclines

A
  • Tetracycline

- Doxycycline

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17
Q

Macrolides/Lincosamides Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind 23S rRNA in 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome
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18
Q

Macrolides/Lincosamides Resistance Mechanism

A
  • methylation of target

- efflux

19
Q

Macrolides/Linosamides Spectrum of Activity

A
  • Bacteriostatic for most

- bactericidal of some gram-positive bacteria

20
Q

Examples of Macrolides/Linosamides

A
  • Erythromycin (macrolide)
  • Lincomycin (lincosamide)
  • Clindamycin (lincosamide)
21
Q

Steptogramins Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind 23S rRNA in 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome
22
Q

Streptogramins Resistance Mechanism

A
  • inactivation of antibiotic by removing groups
23
Q

Streptogramins Spectrum of Activity

A
  • bacteriostatic individually

- bactericidal in combination (used of multi drug-resistance enterococcal infections)

24
Q

Examples of Streptogramins

A
  • Synercid
25
Q

Fluoroquinolones Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind DNA gyrase
26
Q

Fluoroquinolones Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • efflux
  • reduced uptake
  • mutation in DNA gyrase
27
Q

Fluoroquinolones Spectrum of Activity

A
  • broadly Bactericidal

- can enter phagocytes to kill intracellular bacteria

28
Q

Examples of Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin

- Norfloxacin

29
Q

Rifampin Mechanism of Action

A
  • binds beta subunit of bacterial RNAP
30
Q

Rifampin Resistance Mechanisms

A
  • mutation in RNAP
31
Q

Rifampin Spectrum of Activity

A
  • broadly antibacterial

- effective against mycobacteria

32
Q

Examples of Rifampin

A
  • Rifampin

- Rifadin

33
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides Mechanism of Action

A
  • inhibit enzymes responsible of tetrahydrofolate production
34
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides Resistance Mechanism

A
  • mutations alter affinity of target enzymes
35
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides Spectrum of Activity

A
  • broadly antibacterial

- some fungi and protozoa

36
Q

Examples of Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides

A
  • Bactrim

- Septra

37
Q

Metronidazole Mechanism of Action

A
  • nicks bacterial DNA and interferes with DNA replication
38
Q

Metronidazole Resistance Mechanism

A
  • decreased production of flavodoxin gene
39
Q

Metronidazole Spectrum of Activity

A
  • antibacterial (mainly anaerobes)

- antiprotozoal

40
Q

Examples of Metronidaole

A
  • Flagyl
41
Q

Oxazolidinones Mechanism of Action

A
  • bind 50S ribosomal subunit
42
Q

Oxazolidiones Resistance Mechanism

A
  • mutation in 23S rRNA genes
43
Q

Oxazolidinones Spectrum of Activity

A
  • bacteriostatic

- broad spectrum against gram-positive and mycobacteria

44
Q

Examples of Oxazolidinones

A
  • Zyvox

MICRO 308 (2 decks)

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