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Micro/ID: Bacteria > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

The four protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides (irreversibly binds 30S), Macrolides (50S), Tetracyclines (30S), Chloramphenicol (50S) (all bacteriostatic except aminoglycosides)

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2
Q

What kind of abx is vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide/polypeptide

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3
Q

What kind of abx is azithromycin?

A

Macrolide (protein synthesis inhibitor)

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4
Q

What kind of abx is erythromycin?

A

Macrolide (protein synthesis inhibitor)

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5
Q

What kind of abx is doxycycline?

A

Tetracycline

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6
Q

What kind of abx is ciprofloxacin?

A

Quinolone

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7
Q

What kind of abx is flagyl?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

What drug can lead to Red Man Syndrome?

A

Vancomycin (a glycopeptide!)

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9
Q

What drug turns body fluids orange?

A

Rifampin

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10
Q

What kind of abx are naficillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin?

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

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11
Q

What kind of abx are amoxicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin?

A

Extended-spectrum penicillins. Often used b/c extended coverage for G-s (like h. flu) too.

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12
Q

What kind of abx is meropenem?

A

Carbapenem

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13
Q

What kind of abx is colistin?

A

Glycopeptide/polypeptide

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14
Q

What kind of abx is daptomycin?

A

Glycopeptide/polypeptide

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15
Q

What kind of abx is clarithromycin?

A

Macrolide

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16
Q

What kind of abx are gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramicin?

A

Aminoglycosides

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17
Q

What kind of abx is streptomicin?

A

Aminoglycoside

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18
Q

What kind of abx are levofloxacin and norfloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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19
Q

What kind of abx is rifabutin?

A

Rifampin

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20
Q

What kind of abx is bacitracin?

A

Polypeptide. Directly damages cell membrane.

21
Q

What kind of abx is bactrim?

A

Sulfonomide. Inhibits bacterial metabolism.

22
Q

What are the five mechanisms of resistance?

A

Decreased entry, enhanced efflux, bypass pathway, enzymatic degradation, altered target site.

23
Q

How do bacteria evolve resistance to cell wall busters?

A

Enzymatic degradation of beta-lactam ring and alteration of the drug target (changes in the binding protein);

24
Q

How do bacteria evolve resistance to protein synthesis inhibitors?

A

?

25
Q

How do bacteria evolve resistance to DNA synthesis inhibitors?

A

?

26
Q

How do bacteria evolve resistance to metabolic inhibitors?

A

?

27
Q

Strep pneumoniae picks up DNA?

A

Transformation. They’re naturally competent

28
Q

What are the three methods by which bacteria evolve?

A

Transformation, conjunction (pillus), transduction (bacteriophage)

29
Q

What is the drug of choice for Ascaris?

A

Mebendazole

30
Q

What drug should you think to use with any anaerobe?

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

What abx would be a good choice for an uncomplicated UTI?

A

Bactrim

32
Q

What are two “big gun” abx that you should reserve for serious cases?

A

Carbapenems and fluoroquinolones

33
Q

Which abx class consists of a 6-member dihydrothiazine ring?

A

Cephalosporins

34
Q

What should you treat staph aureaus with?

A

Naficillin for MSSA, but not effective for MRSA. Vancomycin for MRSA (eg. if it’s nosocomial)

35
Q

Which abx associated with aplastic anemia?

A

Chloramphenicol. Neonates can’t metabolize!

36
Q

What drug is associated with ototoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides (eg. gentamycin)

37
Q

What do you use to treat TB?

A

RIfampin, INH, Pyrazinamide and Ethabutol

38
Q

What do you use to treat someone who came in contact with TB?

A

INH prophylaxis

39
Q

What abx causes discolored teeth?

A

Tetracyclines! (Think Austin Powers)

40
Q

What is a rare but serious side effect of penicillin?

A

Anaphylaxis

41
Q

What drug is associated with renal toxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides (eg. gentamycin)

42
Q

What do you use to treat Borrellia burgdorferi (lyme disease), intracellular bacteria like mycoplasma, rickettsia?

A

Doxycycline

43
Q

Aminoglycosides are particularly good at covering what types of infections?

A

G-s, especially aerobic, G- rods like E. coli, Pseudomonas, Shigella

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action for vancomycin?

A

It binds to termini of pentapeptide side chains.

45
Q

What abx is associated with pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clindamycin

46
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

A severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen

47
Q

Aminoglycosides are generally ineffective against what class of bacteria?

A

Anaerobic bacteria. Examples? B. fragilis, C. dificile.

48
Q

What two important drugs is MDR TB resistant to?

A

Rifampin and isoniazid (INH)

Micro/ID: Bacteria (2 decks)

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