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Pharmacology > ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

Natural antibiotics produced from Fungi:
Penicillin from ____
Cephalosporin from ____

A

Penicillin from Penicillin notatum
Cephalosporin from Cephalosporium acremonium

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2
Q

Natural antibiotics produced from Bacteria:
Gentamycin from ____
Polymyxin from _____
Bacitracin from _____

A

Gentamycin from Micromonospora spp.
Polymyxin from Bacillus polymyxa
Bacitracin from Chromobacter violaceum

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3
Q

Natural antibiotics produced from Actinomycetes:
Chloramphenicol from _____
Erythromycin from _____
Lincomycin from ______
Rifampicin from ______
Streptomycin from ______
Tetracycline from _______

A

Chloramphenicol from Streptomyces venezuelae
Erythromycin from S. erythreus
Lincomycin from S. lincolinensis
Rifampicin from S. mediterranea
Streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus
Tetracycline from Streptomyces rimosus and Streptomyces aureofasciens

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4
Q

Examples of semi-synthetic antibiotics:

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Doxycycline
Tigecycline

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5
Q

Semi-synthetic derivatives of penicillin and cephalosporins are called

A

GENERATIONS

NB: Semi-synthetic antibiotics are derived from natural antibiotics and have greater spectrum of activity and fewer side effects.

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6
Q

_______ is the semi-synthetic penicillin

A

Amoxicillin

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7
Q

_______ is the semi-synthetic/ 1st generation cephalosporin

A

Cefalexin

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8
Q

Examples of synthetic antibiotics:

A

Ciproflaxin and other quinolones
Co-trimoxazole
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Carbapenem
Meropenem
Eravacycline

NB: Synthetic antibiotics are antibacterial agents that are completely synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory. They do not necessarily have structural similarity with natural antibiotics.

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9
Q

_____ is the natural penicillin.

A

Penicillin G

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10
Q

______ is the natural cephalosporin.

A

Cephalosporin C

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11
Q

Example of Amphemicols:
Mneumonic (CAFe for Tee)

A

Chloramphenicol
Azidamfenicol
Florfenicol
Thiamphenicol

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12
Q

Amphemicols interfere with protein synthesis by binding to _____ subunit of ribosomes to inhibit translation of mRNA.

A

50s

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13
Q

_______ , an amphenicol is used for conjunctivitis, typhoid fever and meningitis.

A

Chloramphenicol

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14
Q

Adverse Effects of amphenicols:

A

Bone marrow suppression
Diarrhea
Grey baby syndrome in young children

NB: it is not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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15
Q

Tetracyclines are ineffective against

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus spp.

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16
Q

Uses of tetracycline:

A

Acne
Cholera
Syphilis
Malaria

17
Q

Adverse effects of tetracycline:

A

Poor tooth development in children < 8 years( due to tetracycline bonding with calcium in tooth)
Sunburning
Anorexia
Rash
Tinnitus
Fatty liver
Fanconi Syndrome if expired tetracycline is ingested .

Fanconi Syndrome affects the reabsorption of electrolytes in the PCT of the kidneys.

18
Q

Tetracyclines interfere with protein synthesis by binding to _____ subunit of ribosomes to inhibit translation of mRNA.

A

30S

19
Q

List the beta-lactam antibiotics:

A
20
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis:
(Most People Can’t ACt like Victims)

A

Monobactams
Penicillin
Carbapenem
Antimycobacterials
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin

21
Q

1st generation cephalosporin:

A

Cefalexin
Cefazolin

22
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin:

A

Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime

23
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin:

A

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefixime
Cefotaxime

24
Q

Adverse Effect of penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity
Nausea
Vomiting

25
Q

Uses of penicillin:

A

Typhoid fever
Other susceptible bacteria infections

26
Q

B-lactamase(penicillinase) resistant penicillin

A

Flucloxacillin

27
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins aka _____ penicillin are:

A

AMINO

Amoxillin
Ampicillin

28
Q

Natural penicillin:

A

Benzylpenicillin

29
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins with pseudomonas activity:

A

Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin

30
Q

Examples of actimycobacterials:

A

Isoniazid
Ethambutol

31
Q

______ are often use as substitute in penicillin allergy.

A

Macrolides

This is due to the fact that they have broader spectrum of activity

32
Q

Examples of macrolides:
Macrolides CARE so they are used as a substitute in penicillin allergy.

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Roxithromycin
Erythromycin

33
Q

Macrolides interfere with protein synthesis by binding reversible to _____ of _____ subunit of ribosomes to inhibit translation of mRNA.

A

P site, 50S

34
Q

Uses of macrolides:

A

Respiratory tract infections
Soft tissue infections

35
Q

Adverse effects of macrolides:

A

QT prolongation(erythromycin/clarithromycin)
Pyloric stenosis in infants
Cholestasis

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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