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Pharmacology 2 Connor > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-Lactams (4)

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Monobactams
  4. Carbapenems
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2
Q

Cell wall active agents (6)

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Monobactams
  4. Carbepenems
  5. Glycopeptides
  6. Lipopeptides
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3
Q

DNA dependent RNA Polymerase blockers (1)

A
  1. Rifampin
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4
Q

DNA synthesis and maintenance blockers (2)

A
  1. Bactrim
  2. Quinolones
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5
Q

Natural pencillins (2)

A
  1. Penicillin G (IV or IM)
  2. Penicillin V (PO)
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6
Q

Penicillin G is DOC for what (3)

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. Strep
  3. Some oral anaerobes
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7
Q

Penicillin V is drug of choice for what (3)

A
  1. Strep throat (Group A strep, S pyogenes
  2. Rheumatic fever
  3. Asplenia prophylaxis
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8
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (3)

A
  1. Oxacillin
  2. Nacillin
  3. Dicloxacillin
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9
Q

Oxacillin and nafcillin drug of choice for (3)

A
  1. Staph endocarditis
  2. Staph cellulitis
  3. Excellent strep coverage
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10
Q

T/F penicillinase resistant penicillins do not have gram negative coverage

A

True

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11
Q

What are the aminopenicillins (2)

A
  1. Ampicillin
  2. Amoxicillin
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12
Q

Ampicillin is drug of choice for what (3)

A
  1. Enterococcus
  2. GBS in laboring women
  3. Listeria CNS infection
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13
Q

Amoxicillin drug of choice for (4)

A
  1. Dental endocarditis prophylaxis
  2. Strep
  3. Sinusitis
  4. Otitis media
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14
Q

B-lactams/B-lactamase inhibitors (3)

A
  1. Augmentin
  2. Unasyn
  3. Zosyn
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15
Q

Augmentin drug of choice for (4)

A
  1. Bites
  2. Severe mouth infection
  3. Mild diabetic foot infections
  4. CAP
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16
Q

Unasyn DOC for (2)

A
  1. Aspiration
  2. Acinetobacter
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17
Q

Zosyn DOC for what (1)

A
  1. Pseudomonas at ECMC
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18
Q

Monobactams (1)

A
  1. Aztreonam
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19
Q

Aztreonam DOC for what (1)

A
  1. Gram negative coverage (pseudomonas)
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20
Q

First generation cephalosporins (2)

A
  1. Cefazolin
  2. Cephalexin
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21
Q

Cefazolin DOC for what (2)

A
  1. Peri-op first dose antibiotics
  2. Severe MSSA infection requiring parenteral therapy
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22
Q

Cephalexin DOC for what (2)

A
  1. Sensitive UTI
  2. Sensitive cellulitis
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23
Q

What cephalosporin treats MRSA

A

Ceftaroline

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24
Q

Second generation cephalosporins (2)

A
  1. Cefuroxime
  2. Cefoxitin
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25
Q

Cefuroxime DOC for what (3)

A
  1. PNA
  2. COPD exacerbations
  3. Sinusitis
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26
Q

Cefoxitin DOC for what (1)

A
  1. Covers bowel anaerobes (OBGYN infections)
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27
Q

Third generation cephalosporins (4)

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. Cefpodoxime
  3. Cefdinir
  4. Ceftazadime
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28
Q

Ceftriaxone DOC for what (1)

A
  1. IM gonorrhea
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29
Q

Cefpodoxime and cefdinir DOC for what

A

Step down PO for IV Ceftriaxone

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30
Q

Ceftazadime DOC for what (1)

A
  1. Pseudomonas
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31
Q

T/F Ceftriaxone is the most potent ceph against penicillin resistant pneumococci

A

True

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32
Q

Ceftriaxone downsides (2)

A
  1. Biliary psedulithiasis (no treatment)
  2. ++++ C-diff risk
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33
Q

Fourth generation cephalosporins (1)

A
  1. Cefepime
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34
Q

Cefepime DOC for what (3)

A
  1. Febrile neutropenia
  2. HAP
  3. HAI
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35
Q

What 3 cephalosporins get into the CNS

A
  1. Cefepime
  2. Ceftriaxone
  3. Ceftazidime
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36
Q

Fifth generation cephalosporin (1)

A
  1. Ceftaroline
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37
Q

Ceftaroline DOC for what (3)

A
  1. MRSA
  2. VISA
  3. Penicillin resistant strep pneumoniae
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38
Q

When do we suspect extended spectrum beta lactamase

A

Susceptible to Cefoxitin but resistant to 3rd gen ceph/aztreonam

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39
Q

What is the DOC for ESBL

A

Carbapenem

40
Q

What do carbapenems do to seizure threshold

A

Lower it

41
Q

Carbapenems (3)

A
  1. Imipenem
  2. Meropenem
    3.Ertapenem
42
Q

What carbapenems cover pseudomonas (2)

A
  1. Imipenem
  2. Meropenem
43
Q

What does ertapenem cover (1)

A
  1. Resistant abdominal infections
44
Q

HOw do you treat carbapnemases

A

2-3 of following:
1. Tigecycline
2. Colistin (very nephrotoxic)
3. Fosfomycin
4. Ceftazidime

45
Q

T/F vancomycin only covers gram positive organisms

A

True

46
Q

Vancomycin is the DOC for what

A

Empiric MRSA

47
Q

T/F: Vancomycin needs to be given in the route of the infection

A

True

48
Q

What reaction does vancomycin have

A

Red man syndrome (not an allergy)

49
Q

What is the target trough level for vancomycin

A

15 mcg/mL

50
Q

When do we check vancomycin for steady state

A

Before 5th dose

51
Q

T/F Daptomycin is inactivated by lung surfactant

A

True (so no pneumonia)

52
Q

Daptomycin is the DOC for what (4)

A
  1. VRE UTI
  2. SSTI endocarditis
  3. MRSA endocarditis
  4. VRE endocarditis
53
Q

What do we need to check with Daptomycin

A

CPK baseline and weekly due to myopathy potential

54
Q

What do we discontinue when on Daptomycin

A

Statins

55
Q

T/F fluoroquinolones work the same oral and IV (effectiveness)

A

True

56
Q

T/F fluoroquinolones have rapid resistance with staph aureus if not given with rifampin

A

True

57
Q

What are fluoroquinolones the DOC for (1)

A
  1. Atypicals
58
Q

2 major side effects of fluoroquinolones

A
  1. QT prolongation
  2. Tendonopathy/rupture
59
Q

What are the fluoroquinolones (3)

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Levofloxacin
  3. Moxifloxacin
60
Q

What fluoroquinolones cover pseudomonas (2)

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Levofloxacin (respiratory quinolone)
61
Q

What does moxifloxacin cover

A

GNR anaerobes (respiratory quinolones)

62
Q

What is Bactrim the DOC for (6)

A
  1. GU infections
  2. PCP/PJP
  3. Nocardia
  4. Cyclospora
  5. Toxoplasmosis
  6. Pertussis
63
Q

What is metronidazole the DOC for (6)

A
  1. Amebiasis
  2. Giardia
  3. H. Pylori
  4. BV
  5. PID
  6. Trichomoniasis
64
Q

T/F metronidazole is the Cadillac GN anaerobic coverage

A

True

65
Q

T/F Don’t drink while taking metronidazole

A

True

66
Q

What are the aminoglycosides (4)

A
  1. Neomycin
  2. Amikacin
  3. Tobramycin
  4. Gentamicin
67
Q

T/F Aminoglycosides have excellent gram negative coverage

A

True

68
Q

What do we worry about with aminoglycosides (2)

A
  1. Ototoxic (irreversible)
  2. Nephrotoxic (reversible)
69
Q

What are the uses of aminoglycosides (1)

A
  1. Synergy
70
Q

How to determine amount of aminoglycosides for extended dosing (2)

A
  1. Non-obese (actual body weight)
  2. Obese (Adjusted body weight)
71
Q

What aminoglycoside does Dr. Claus like

A

Amikacin

72
Q

What is Amikacin used for (4)

A
  1. GNR infections
  2. Sepsis
  3. bacteremia
  4. TB
73
Q

What is tobramycin used for (1)

A
  1. Serious GNR infections
74
Q

What is gentamicin used for (4)

A
  1. Plaque
  2. Bartonella
  3. Open fracture prophylaxis
  4. Synergy
75
Q

T/F linezolid is used mostly for gram positive coverage

A

True

76
Q

T/F linezolid is 100% bio available

A

True

77
Q

Linezolids (1)

A
  1. Zyvox
78
Q

What is zyvox used for (4)

A
  1. VRE
  2. MRSA pneumonia
  3. Cellulitis
  4. Mycobacteria
79
Q

What are side effects of linezolid (3)

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Lactic acidosis
80
Q

What are the drug drug interactions of linezolid (2)

A
  1. SSRI
  2. TCA
81
Q

What are macrolides the DOC for (4)

A
  1. Atypical upper respiratory infection
  2. CAP
  3. COPD flare
  4. Pertussis
82
Q

T/F macrolides are 100% bioavailable

A

True

83
Q

T/F macrolides have QT prolongation risk

A

True

84
Q

What are the macrolides (3)

A
  1. Erythromycin
  2. Azithromycin
  3. Clarithromycin
85
Q

What are the lincosamides (1)

A
  1. Clindamycin
86
Q

What is Clindamycin the drug of choice for (2)

A
  1. Head/neck infection
  2. SSTI with severe penicillin/cephalosporin allergy
87
Q

What are the antibiotics with the highest association of C. Diff (3)

A
  1. Clindamycin
  2. Fluoroquinolones
  3. Cephalosporins
88
Q

T/F Rifampin turns the tears, urine, sweat, and contacts red-orange-brown

A

True

89
Q

Uses of rifampin (2)

A
  1. Mycobacterium
  2. Combo for staph infections
90
Q

T/F Rifampin can cause abnormal LFTs and eventually liver failure

A

True

91
Q

What is the tetracycline we need to know (1)

A
  1. Doxycycline
92
Q

Doxycycline is the DOC for what (5)

A
  1. Atypicals
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Lyme
  4. Malaria
  5. Rickettsia
93
Q

T/F Doxycycline has an adverse reaction of teeth/skin discoloration and esophagitis

A

True

94
Q

Pregnancy category C antibiotics (4)

A
  1. Imipenem
  2. Fluoroquinolones
  3. Linezolid
  4. Rifampin
95
Q

Pregnancy category D antibiotics (3)

A
  1. Bactrim
  2. Aminoglycosides
  3. Doxycycline

Pharmacology 2 Connor (13 decks)

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