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Pharmacology Final exam > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Flora such as staphylococci, streptococci,

pneumococci, and Haemophilus influenzae are commonly found where?

A

Upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

These flora: escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Bacteroids, clostridia, lactobacilli, strep, and staph are found where?

A

Colon

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3
Q

These drugs kill organisms

A

Bactericidal

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4
Q

These drugs inhibit growth of organisms

A

Bacteriostatic

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5
Q

Drugs are classified based on what two factors?

A

Classified by their chemical structure or by their mechanism of
action

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6
Q

Used to prevent or treat infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms

A

Antimicrobials

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7
Q

These drugs are effective against a wide

variety of microorganisms

A

Broad-spectrum

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8
Q

These drugs are effective against one or a

restricted group of microorganisms

A

Narrow-spectrum

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9
Q

signs/symptoms: Tinnitus , vertigo, hearing loss

A

Ototoxicity

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10
Q

Your pt has Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, fever and Monitor liver function tests

A

Hepatoxicity

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides can cause?

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

-Accumulate in kidneys and ears

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12
Q

Your pt is a 16 year old who was told to take Fluoroquinolones. Is this safe?

A

NO! Contraindicated in children under 18 yo

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13
Q 
Penicillins
• Penicillin (P)
• Cephalosporins
• Cefotaxime (P)
• Vancomycins
• vancomycin
• Carbapenems
• Meropenem
• Monobactam Antibiotics
all effect what part of the cell?
A

They all effect the bacterial cell wall

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14
Q

This drug is a combination for beta lactamase

A

Zosyn (piperacillin/taxobactam)

-is a penicillin

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15
Q

Keflex (cephalexin), Ancef (kefzol), and

Maxipime (cefepime) are what group of drugs

A

Cephalosporins: Treat infections of the respiratory tract, skin, bone and joints,
urinary tract, brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Primaxin (imipenemcilastatin) is what type of drug?

A

Carbapenems: Broad spectrum, bactericidal, beta-lactam anti-microbials
• Inhibit synthesis of cell walls.
• All are parenteral
• Indicated for organisms resistant to other drugs

17
Q 
Aminoglycosides
• Gentamicin (P)
Tetracyclines
• Tetracycline (P)
Macrolide Antibiotics
• Erythromycin (P)
Are all drugs that have what effect on a cell?
A

They are all antibiotics that effect protein synthesis

  • Aminoglycosides are Bactericidal agents, a narrow spectrum drug, used to treat gram negative organisms:
  • pneumonia
  • MRSA
  • Skin infections/UTI’s
  • Sepsis
18
Q

Fluoroquinolone use will have what negative side effect on you pts under 18 years of age?

A

Effects cartilage and can cause tendon ruptures.

19
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones include?

A

Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Levaquin

levofloxacin) , Floxin (ofloxacin
* look for the “floxacin”

20
Q

These drugs are Synthetic bactericidal drugs with activity against gram positive
and gram negative organisms
• Most are given orally
• Excreted via kidneys

A

fluoroquinolones

21
Q

What effects can antibiotics have on patients that will interfere with rehab?

A 
GI problems
Anemia – limits exercise tolerance
Dizziness and vertigo
Hearing loss
Tendonitis
Skin rashes
• Need to be reported
22
Q

Your patient has HSV, Herpes zoster. What drug are they most likely taking?

A

Acycolvir (Anti-Viral drug): It is an anti-herpes agent

23
Q

Your patient is on an antiviral and tells you they are taking NSAIDS for their pain. Is this good or bad? Education?

A

Its a bad combination: Nephrotoxicity

• Avoid concurrent use of NSAIDs

24
Q

Fluconazole or itraconazole and Ketoconazole is an antifungal drug often used to treat?

A

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
• Symptomatic infections (40% of cases) usually present as flu-like illness
with fever, cough, headaches, rash, and myalgias

25
Q

You let loose a little too much in undergrad and got the Chlamydia, oh no! what do you take?

A

Tetracycline

  • Broad spectrum bacteriostatic
  • Treatment of uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections caused by chlamydia
26
Q

Some asshole got MRSA, he started taking medication but now he is all red and shit, hypotensive, skin rash and flushes. What drug was this dude taking?

A

Vancomycin
-Can cause “red man syndrome” if given too quickly
• Caution in patients with myasthenia gravis
• May worsen symptoms

Pharmacology Final exam (3 decks)

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