Antibiotics Flashcards
Flora such as staphylococci, streptococci,
pneumococci, and Haemophilus influenzae are commonly found where?
Upper respiratory tract
These flora: escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Bacteroids, clostridia, lactobacilli, strep, and staph are found where?
Colon
These drugs kill organisms
Bactericidal
These drugs inhibit growth of organisms
Bacteriostatic
Drugs are classified based on what two factors?
Classified by their chemical structure or by their mechanism of
action
Used to prevent or treat infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms
Antimicrobials
These drugs are effective against a wide
variety of microorganisms
Broad-spectrum
These drugs are effective against one or a
restricted group of microorganisms
Narrow-spectrum
signs/symptoms: Tinnitus , vertigo, hearing loss
Ototoxicity
Your pt has Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, fever and Monitor liver function tests
Hepatoxicity
Aminoglycosides can cause?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
-Accumulate in kidneys and ears
Your pt is a 16 year old who was told to take Fluoroquinolones. Is this safe?
NO! Contraindicated in children under 18 yo
Penicillins • Penicillin (P) • Cephalosporins • Cefotaxime (P) • Vancomycins • vancomycin • Carbapenems • Meropenem • Monobactam Antibiotics all effect what part of the cell?
They all effect the bacterial cell wall
This drug is a combination for beta lactamase
Zosyn (piperacillin/taxobactam)
-is a penicillin
Keflex (cephalexin), Ancef (kefzol), and
Maxipime (cefepime) are what group of drugs
Cephalosporins: Treat infections of the respiratory tract, skin, bone and joints,
urinary tract, brain and spinal cord
Primaxin (imipenemcilastatin) is what type of drug?
Carbapenems: Broad spectrum, bactericidal, beta-lactam anti-microbials
• Inhibit synthesis of cell walls.
• All are parenteral
• Indicated for organisms resistant to other drugs
Aminoglycosides • Gentamicin (P) Tetracyclines • Tetracycline (P) Macrolide Antibiotics • Erythromycin (P) Are all drugs that have what effect on a cell?
They are all antibiotics that effect protein synthesis
- Aminoglycosides are Bactericidal agents, a narrow spectrum drug, used to treat gram negative organisms:
- pneumonia
- MRSA
- Skin infections/UTI’s
- Sepsis
Fluoroquinolone use will have what negative side effect on you pts under 18 years of age?
Effects cartilage and can cause tendon ruptures.
Examples of fluoroquinolones include?
Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Levaquin
levofloxacin) , Floxin (ofloxacin
* look for the “floxacin”
These drugs are Synthetic bactericidal drugs with activity against gram positive
and gram negative organisms
• Most are given orally
• Excreted via kidneys
fluoroquinolones
What effects can antibiotics have on patients that will interfere with rehab?
GI problems Anemia – limits exercise tolerance Dizziness and vertigo Hearing loss Tendonitis Skin rashes • Need to be reported
Your patient has HSV, Herpes zoster. What drug are they most likely taking?
Acycolvir (Anti-Viral drug): It is an anti-herpes agent
Your patient is on an antiviral and tells you they are taking NSAIDS for their pain. Is this good or bad? Education?
Its a bad combination: Nephrotoxicity
• Avoid concurrent use of NSAIDs
Fluconazole or itraconazole and Ketoconazole is an antifungal drug often used to treat?
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
• Symptomatic infections (40% of cases) usually present as flu-like illness
with fever, cough, headaches, rash, and myalgias
