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PHARMA-CONFI > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics classification

A

Based on:

  1. Mechanism of action
  2. Gram-positive gram-negative
  3. Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative organisms
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2
Q

Antibiotic classification based on their actions

A

BacteriCIDAL kill bacteria—-example, penicillin, and cephalosporins (pc)

BacterioSTATIC—-stop bacteria from reproducing, but not harming them

Example, tetracycline and clindamycin (tc)

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3
Q

Drugs which are static in lower doses, and cidal in higher doses

A

ClINDAMYCIN and
MACROLIDES
(CM)

Important : when giving an antibiotic do not mix static and cidal

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4
Q

Antibiotics, classification based on mechanism of action

A
  1. Affecting cell wall.
  2. Interfering with protein synthesis.
  3. Interfering with normal biosynthetic pathways.
  4. Affecting bacterial DNA.
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5
Q

Affecting cell wall

A

Usually affect the synthesis of PEPTIDOGLYCAN which is the main component of cell wall

Example :
Beta lactams like
penicillins
cephalosporins
Mono bactams
Carbepenems
Bacitracin
Aztreonam

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6
Q

Affecting protein synthesis

A

30 S ribosome units
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

50th ribosome units
Macrolides
Chloraphenicol

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7
Q

Affecting the normal biosynthetic pathway or the metabolic pathway

A

Folic acid synthesis
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim

Mycolic acid synthesis
Isoniazide

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8
Q

Affecting bacterial, DNA

A

Flora quinolones-used in periodontal infections
example ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Metronidazole — antiprotozoal agent, but has antibacterial properties as well. It is used in periodontal infection.

RNA synthesis
Rifampin

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9
Q

Common side effects of antibiotics in Dentistry

A
  1. Development of bacterial resistance.
  2. Allergic reaction.
  3. G.I. problems.-mainly by clindamycin.
  4. Super infection.-example candidal infection.
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10
Q

interaction between Antibiotics, example, tetracycline, and oral anticoagulants

A

Oral anticoagulants are vitamin K inhibitors, so they increase the anticoagulant effect

Antibiotics and oral anticoagulants ——-POTENTIATE the anticoagulant effect——— monitor INR

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11
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbepenems
Monobactams

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12
Q

Beta lactam Antibiotics are.

A

Bactericidal
Narrow spectrum
Drug of choice in dental infection

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13
Q

Majority of the dental infections are caused by

A

Gram-positive, facultative, anaerobic, bacteria, example, beta haemolytic streptococcus

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14
Q

Penicillin G, (Benzyl penicillin)

A

It’s the prototype penicillin
Very low resistant to stomach acid
Usually injected

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15
Q

Penicillin, VK (phenoxy methyl penicillin)

A

More acid stable given orally
Used to treat oral infections

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16
Q

Penicillin G benzathine IM)

A

Not commonly used in dentistry
Used to treat syphilis

17
Q

Principal difference between the potassium procaine and benzathine salts of penicillin G

A

Duration of action

18
Q

Drug of choice in management of dental infections like a cute dental abscess

A

Penicillin

Because it has narrow spectrum, Bactericidal action against beta haemolytic streptococcus

19
Q

Mechanism of action of penicillin

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidase enzyme-Bactericidal

20
Q

Spectrum of action

A

Gram-positive, organism, cocci and rods
Graham negative cocci
Spirochaetes

Narrow spectrum

21
Q

Most common bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance

A

Staphylococci

22
Q

Why is treating staphylococcus aureus infection? Difficult with penicillin

A

Due to the production of penicillinase by microorganisms

23
Q

Antibiotic of choice for this exam

A

Penicillin, VK

Second is amoxycillin

24
Q

Diarrhoea

A

Most common with clindamycin

Penicillin is also likely to cause diarrhoea

25
Q

PDF for choosing an antibiotic

A

It should be cheap
Should have a narrow spectrum

26
Q

Affects of penicillin

A

Allergenicity is a major technical problem(10%)

Most common allergic manifestation is skin rash (a delayed reaction )

Other signs include
Dermatitis
Stomatitis
Bronchoconstriction
Cardiovascular collapse

The risk of anaphylaxis (immediate reaction) is rare

27
Q

In odontogenic infections, the first choice is

A

Penicillin V

28
Q

Penicillinase resistant

A

Methicillin

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

29
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

Occurs when drug is given parenterally

Impatience have already experienced an allergic reaction

Bacon having a positive skin test to penicillin allergy

30
Q

Acid stable penicillins

A

Can be used orally

Penicillin V
Amoxycillin
Ampicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin

31
Q

Therapeutic advantage of penicillin V over penicillin G

A

Greater absorption, when given orally

32
Q

Broad-spectrum penicillins

A

Used for urinary tract infection

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

33
Q

Sinusitis

A

Odontogenic

First choice is:
Penicillin VK
Amoxycillin

Non-odontogenic infections
Augmentin
Amoxycillin
Cephalexin

PHARMA-CONFI (7 decks)

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