Antibiotics

Question 1

What is Antibiotics ?

Answer 1

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms and are capable of killing bacteria.

Question 2

Bacteria Activity can be Classified as being :

Answer 2

Bacteriostatic : to stop the growth

Bacteriocidal : kill the bacteria apparently

Question 3

Types of Antibiotics

Answer 3

A) sulfonamides 
B) beta lactams 
C) Amino Glycosides 
D) Tetracyclines 
E) chloramphenicol
F) Microlides
G) lincosamides 
H) Quilonones

Question 4

Sulfonamides

Answer 4

E.g sulfadiazine

MOA
They work by inhibiting folic acids synthesis which is essential for the synthesis of DNA & RNA.

Their activity is bacteriostatic

Uses
They can be used to treat tract infections , burns , malaria ….drugs are combined (pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine = phaxidam)

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole = co-trimoxaxole is what is currently used for antibiotics.

Side effects
Rashes, fever , heamolytic anaemia.

Question 5

Beta lactams

Answer 5

Two broadly
I) Penicillin and
II) cephalosporins

They all contain beta lactams vary in their chemical structure and their enzymes are known as
beta-lactamase enzymes
beta-lactamase bonds to the ring thereby inhibiting the bacteria effect of this structure.

Question 6

I) Penicillin

Answer 6

MOA 
They inhibit the synthesis of bacteria cell wall and their activity is bacteriocidal. Beta-lactamase enzymes inactivate this class of Antibiotics leading to resistance..