Anti Hypertensive Flashcards
What is hypertension?
It is the abnormal elevation of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure,systolic BP is the pressure during a heart beat and diastolic BP is the pressure between heart beat.
The heart rest between beats so that it can be refilled with blood.
Normal BP?
120/80 mmHg
What are the stages of hypertension?
3
High BP
Stage 1: 140/90 mmHg
Stage 2: 180/120 mmHg
Stage 3: 200/140 mmHg
Drug treatments for Hypertension?
6
- Diuretics
- Adrenoceptor blocking agent
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Centrally acting anti hypertensives.
1.) Examples of diuretics
- Thiazides
- furosemide
- amiloride
- spirololactone.
MoA of diuretics
They reduce cardiac output by decreasing fluid and sodium reabsorption…
Side effects of diuretics
3
Dehydration
Headache
dizziness
2.) Adrenoceptor blocking agent
3 types:
a.Beta blockers
b.Alpha 1 blockers
C..Beta and alpha 1 blockers.
a. Examples of beta blockers
Propranolol
Artenolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol
b.Examples of Alpha 1 blockers
Prazosin
Doxazosin
MOA of beta blockers
They reduce cardiac output and also decrease sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
MOA of Alpha 1 blockers
They block alpha 1 adrenoceptors and they reduce peripheral resistance and lower arterial blood pressure
Side effect of Alpha 1 blockers
Water and salt retention
Headache
Dizziness
- Examples of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI)
Lisinopril
Ramripril
Enalapril
MOA of ACEI
The block the production of Angiotensin II(which narrows BP)
Reduce peripheral resistance
Without causing increase in cardiac output and heart rate.
Side Effects of ACEIs
Dry cough
Hypotension
Headache
5.Angiotensin receptor blockers
(they are alternatives to ACEIs)
(Used for patients that can’t tolerate ACEIs)
Examples :
Valsartan
Losartan
MOA of ARBs
They block angiotensin ii..
They cause vasodilation in arteries and veins.
Side affects of ARBs
They are toxic to foetus
They are contraindicated to the foetus
- Calcium channel blocker
Examples :
Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem.
MOA of calcium channel blockers
They block the influx of calcium and when this occurs they reduce blood pressure
And they also dilate the coronary vessels.
Side effect of Calcium channel blockers
Headache
Dizziness
- Centrally acting anti hypertensives
Examples:
Clonidine
Alpha methyldopa
MOA for centrally acting
They block alpha II adrenoceptors
Which blocks signal from the brain to the nervous system.
And also reduces arterial blood pressure.
