Antibiotics Flashcards
Name 3 antibiotics that target DNA replication
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Metronidazole
Name 2 antibiotics that target folate synthesis
Trimethoprim
Methotrexate
Name 3 antibiotics that target protein synthesis
Tetracycline Doxycycline Chloramphenicol Gentamycin Erythromycin Clarithromycin Clindamycin Linezolid
Name 3 antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis
ceftriaxone carbapenems penicillin V amoxicillin flucloxacillin vancomycin
Name 3 antibiotics that target RNA synthesis
Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Tetracyclines
doxycycline, tetracycline
Macrolides
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
Aminoglycosides
gentamycin
tobramycin
streptomycin
Cephalosporins
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
cefacalor
Fluroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
gemifloxacin
Rifampicin side effects
orange pee and sweat
Isoniazid side effects
hepatitis and neuropathy
Pyrazinamide side effects
hepatitis and joint pain
Ethambutol side effects
blindness
Metronidazole covers…
anaerobes
Gentamicin covers…
gram negatives
UTI Abx
Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim for 3/7 days
Tonsillitis Abx
FeverPAIN >3
penicillin / clarithromycin 5 days
CAP Pneumonia Abx
mild / mod - penicillin / doxycycline (5days)
severe - co-amoxiclav + doxycycline
HAP Pneumonia Abx
Mild / Moderate - Penicillin / doxycycline (5 days)
Severe - IV amoxicillin + gentamicin
Penicillin allergic sepsis of unknown origin Abx
IV vancomycin, metronidazole and gentamycin
Meningitis Abx
ceftriaxone and IV dexamethasone
+ acyclovir if encephalitis suspected
+ amoxicillin if immunocomprimised or <3mths / >60yrs (listeria cover)
subacute native valve endocarditis Abx
amoxicillin + gentamycin
acute native valve endocarditis Abx
flucloxacillin
prosthetic valve / suspected MRSA endocarditis Abx
vancomycin + gentamicin
Cellulitis Abx
flucloxacillin / doxycycline 5-7 days
open fracture prophylaxis Abx
Cefuroxime 1.5g every 8 hrs max 3 days (start within 3 hrs)
Acute septic arthritis or osteomyelitis
IV flucloxacillin
Diabetic foot infection
mild - PO flucloxacillin (7days)
mod - flucloxacillin + metronidazole (7days)
C.Diff Infection
non-severe - metronidazole (10 days)
severe - vancomycin +/- metronidazole (10 days)
Recurrent C.Diff infection within 12 wks of positive stool test
Fidaxomicin 10 days
Acute COPD exacerbation Abx
- amoxicillin 500mg tds
2. doxycycline
Pyelonephritis Abx
co-trimoxazole or co-amoxiclav
Uncomplicated chlamydia
doxycycline 100mg bd (7days) or azithromycin (3days)
Mastitis
If symptoms don’t improve after 12-24 hrs then use flucloxacillin or clindamycin
Breast Abscess
Flucloxacillin or clindamycin (7-10 days) + drainage
Orbital Cellulitis
IV flucloxacillin, ceftrixone +/- metronidazole
step down = oral co-amoxiclav
Glandular fever Abx
NONE - if started stop any antibiotics unless underlying secondary infection
Bacterial conjunctivitis Abx
topical chloramphenicol
Endophthalmitis
intravitreal vancomycin + ceftazidime
Antibiotics that cause C.Diff
Clindamycin
Clarithromycin
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin
doxycycline and tetracycline side effects
hepatoxicity, teeth staining, photosensitivity, dysphagia
macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin side effects
GI disturbance, hepatitis and prolonged QT
Enzyme dependent drugs such as … may have reduced clearance by antipsychotics such as carbamazepine
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Isoniazid
- Metronidazole
- Ciprofloxacin
Broad spectrum abx can cause…
- failure of oral contraceptives
- increased INR in warfarin patients
