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CPT > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

beta lactams examples

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

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2
Q

beta lactams mechanism

A

Interfere with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
Generally bactericidal

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3
Q

penicillins examples

A

Amoxicillin (broad spectrum)
Flucloxacillin (beta lactamase resistant)
Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin with Clavulanic acid, beta lactamase inhibitor)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)

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4
Q

penicillin application

A 
 Bacterial meningitis
 Bone and joint infections
 Skin and soft tissue infections
 Otits media
 Pneumonia
 UTIs
 STIs
 Individual sensitivity testing
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5
Q

cephalosporins

A

Cefalexin

Ceftriaxone

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6
Q

cephalosporin application

A 
 Septicaemia
 Pneumonia
 Meningitis
 Biliary tract infections
 UTIs (especially in pregnancy or in patients unresponsive to other drugs)
 Sinusitis
 Individual sensitivity testing
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7
Q

Antibacterials affecting bacterial protein synthesis

A

 Tetracyclines
 Aminoglycosides
 Macrolides
 Nitrofurans

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8
Q

Tetracyclines mechanism

A

uptake into susceptible organisms by active transport
act by inhibiting protein synthesis
Bind to bacterial ribosomes, preventing binding of tRNA to it

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9
Q

tetracyclines example, usage

A 
 Doxycycline, Tetracycline 
Bacteriostatic
 Respiratory tract infections (particularly atypical organisms)
 Acne
 Chlamydia
 Lyme disease
 Individual sensitivity testing
 Shouldn’t be given to children <12 years, pregnant and breastfeeding women (causes staining of developing teeth)
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10
Q

macrolides mechanism

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on ribosomal translocation Bactericidal/bacteriostatic

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11
Q

macrolides examples,

A

 Clarithromycin
 Erythromycin
 Azithromycin

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12
Q

macrolides indication

A 
atypical respiratory pathogens
like penicillin: 
 Bacterial meningitis
 Bone and joint infections
 Skin and soft tissue infections
 Otits media
 Pneumonia
 UTIs
 STIs
Individual sensitivity testing
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13
Q

nitrofurans mechanism

A

 reduced to multiple reactive intermediates by nitrofuran reductase inside the bacterial cell
 attack ribosomal and DNA proteins within the bacteria,
inhibit the Citric acid cycle

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14
Q

nitrofurans example, indication

A

nitrofurantoin
excreted in the urine in unchanged form concentrate within urine, leading to more
effective levels within the bladder than in other tissue compartments
for UTIs

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15
Q

Quinolones mechanism

A

inhibition of DNA replication

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16
Q

quinolones examples, indication

A 
 Ciprofloxacin
 Complicated UTIs 
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa cover 
 Gonorrhoea
good cover of Gram negative organisms, as well as atypical organisms and Gram positives
17
Q

quinolones #

A

 Tendinitis +/- rupture
 Aortic dissection
 Central nervous system effects (inc. Convulsions)

18
Q

Antibacterial Agents That Interfere With Folate Synthesis or Action

A

 Trimethoprim
 Reversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
 Bacteriostatic/bactericidal Clinical applications:
 UTIs (careful when prescribing to reproductive age females)

19
Q

metronidazole indication

A

 antiprotozoal agent
good against: anaerobic bacteria
blocking nucleic acidsynthesis
 Has disulfiram-like action, so patients must avoid using alcohol when on the antibiotic

20
Q

antivirals

A

 Aciclovir (DNA Polymerase Inhibitors)

 Oseltamivir (Neuraminidase Inhibitors)

21
Q

Aciclovir mechanism

A

activated in infected cells,

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

22
Q

Aciclovir indication

A

 Herpes simplex infections (genital herpes, encephalitis)

 Varicella zoster (chicken pox, shingles)

23
Q

CYP450 enzymes

A

most tissues of the body, but predominantly the liver

metabolism of many medications and hormones

24
Q

CYP450 enzymes inhbitors

A

Inhibitors block the metabolic activity of one or more CYP450 enzymes
 This means the drugs usually broken down by the inhibited enzyme will be
metabolised at a slower rate, essentially leading to an ‘overdose’

25
Q

CYP450 enzymes Inducers

A

 Inducers increase the enzyme synthesis of one or more CYP450 enzymes
 This means more enzyme, therefore the drugs broken down by said enzyme break
down quicker, leading to below therapeutic levels in the blood

CPT (19 decks)

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