antibiotic targets

Question 1

beta lactams

Answer 1

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
bind irreversibly to the transpeptidase (which crosslinks the peptidoglycans)
some bacteria have resistance by beta lactamases

Question 2

glycopeptides

Answer 2

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

stops the making of the peptidoglycan chain

Question 3

tetracyclines

Answer 3

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

binds to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome and stops tRNA from binding to the acceptor site

Question 4

macrolides

Answer 4

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

binds to 50S bacterial ribosome subunit and stops translocation of it along the mRNA

Question 5

aminoglycosides

Answer 5

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

also binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

Question 6

quinolone

Answer 6

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
for gram-ve: inhibits DNA gyrase (so DNA can’t supercoil)
for gram+ve: inhibits topoisomerase IV (so DNA double strands can’t separate)

Question 7

trimethoprim

Answer 7

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
inhibits the folate pathway, by inhibiting the enzyme needed to convert the folate into tetrahydrofolate.
the folate pathway is needed to create DNA and RNA precursors

Question 8

sulphonamides

Answer 8

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
inhibits the folate pathway, by inhibiting the synthesis needed to make folate
the folate pathway is needed to create DNA and RNA precursors

Question 9

metronidazole

Answer 9

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
this is a prodrug that is metabolised into cytotoxic products
it is used against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa