Antibiotic resistance Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A

Restrict access of antibiotic - altered membrane permeability.
Get rid of antibiotic - efflux via pumps in cell wall.
Inactivation of antibiotics - produce enzymes which degrade and inactivate antibiotics.
Alter metabolic pathways - use new pathways that bypass antibiotic’s target. Produce more substrate to out-compete competitive inhibitors.
Altered target site - inability for antibiotic to bind, lower affinity.

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2
Q

Co - amoxiclav mechanism

A

Amoxicillin - kills bacteria bind to PBP blocks transpeptidase , inhibits synthesis of cell wall.
Clavanic acid, binds irreversibly to beta lactamase.

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3
Q

C difficile and antibiotics

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics, like co - amoxiclav. Wipe out gut flora, c diff can now flourish and proliferate causing symptoms.

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4
Q

Spread of antibiotic resistant genes

A

Transformation - uptake of extracellular DNA
Conjugation - pilus mediated DNA transfer
Transduction - phage mediated DNA transfer.

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5
Q

Sources of antibiotic genes

A

plasmids - horizontal gene transfer

transposons - integrate plasmid into chromosomal DNA

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6
Q

Addressing resistance

A

tighter controls - restriction of ABs for serious infections
temporary withdrawals of certain classes
reduce use of broad spectrum ABs
quicker identification of infections caused by antibiotic strains.

modify existing mechanisms for ABs
Combination therapy

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