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B9W2 > ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

what type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?

A

a beta lactam

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2
Q

what is amoxicillins moa?

A

it binds to penicillin binding protein 1A in bacterial cell walls and inactivates it, preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

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3
Q

what can amoxicllin be given with to overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance?

A

cluvulanic acid (a beta lactamase inhibitor)

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4
Q

is amoxicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

active against a wide range of gram positive and limited range of gram negative organisms

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5
Q

is methicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

narrow spectrum

+

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6
Q

what type of antibiotic is methicillin?

A

beta lactam

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7
Q

what is methicillins moa?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting of the transpeptidase enzyme used by bacteria to cross-link the peptide used in peptidoglycan synthesis in th cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

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8
Q

what is cefurozimes moa?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis leading to bacterial lysis

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9
Q

what type of antibiotic is cefuroxime?

A

cephalosporin

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10
Q

can cefuroxime cross the blood-brain barrier?

A

yes

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11
Q

what type of antibiotic is benzylpenicillin?

A

a beta lactam

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12
Q

is cefuroxime broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

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13
Q

is benzylpenicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad (but mostly +)

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14
Q

what is benzylpenicillins moa?

A

binds to penicillin binding proteins which causes inhibition of cell wall synthesis
may also inhibit action of bacterial autolysin inhibitor

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15
Q

what type of antibiotic is oxytetracycline?

A

tetracycline

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16
Q

what s oxytetracyclines moa?

A

inhibiting of bacterial cell growth by binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome preventing tRNA from binding to the A site - inhibiting translation

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17
Q

is oxytetracycline broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

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18
Q

what type of antibiotic is erythromycin?

A

a macrolide

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19
Q

what is erythromycins moa?

A

50S subunit inhibition, blocking translocation and inhibiting protein synthesis

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20
Q

is erythromycin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

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21
Q

what type of antibiotic is gentamicin?

A

aminoglycoside

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22
Q

is gentamicin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

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23
Q

what is genatmycins moa?

A

inhibiting 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

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24
Q

whats a major side effect of gentamicin?

A

significant ear and kidney damage

25
Q

is rifampicin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

26
Q

what is rifampicins moa?

A

inhibits DNA-deendant RNA polymerase leading to suppression of RNA synthesis and cell death

27
Q

what is rifampicin restricted to treating and why?

A

mycobacterial infections due to the emergence of resistant bacteria

28
Q

what is trimethoprims moa?

A

inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid - inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis

29
Q

what is trimethoprim used to treat?

A

UTIs and bronchitis

30
Q

what is trimethoprim?

A

a folate antagonist

31
Q

what type of antibiotic is sulfamethoxazole?

A

a sulfonamide

32
Q

what is sulfamethoxazole used to treat?

A

bronchitis, prostatitis and UTIs

33
Q

what is sulfamethoxazoles moa?

A

competes with PABA in binding to dihydrofolate synthesise, causing inhibition of dihydrofolate synthetase and inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid

34
Q

why are trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole often used in combination?

A

as they target the same pathway and their synergistic effects reduce the development of bacterial resistance

35
Q

what type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

A

a glycopeptide

36
Q

what is the moa of vancomycin?

A

inhibition of NAM and NAG peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix

37
Q

is vancomycin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

narrow

gram positive

38
Q

what type of drug is colistin?

A

a polymyxin antibiotic agent

39
Q

is colistin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

narrow

gram negative bacilli

40
Q

what is colistins moa?

A

disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, change its permeability

41
Q

why are polymyxins sometimes used now (they faded out for a while)?

A

due to emergence of multi-drug resistant gram negatve bacteria

42
Q

what type of antibiotic is ciprofloxacin?

A

a quinolone

43
Q

is ciprofloxacin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

44
Q

what is the moa of quinolones?

A

inhibition of topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase 4 which are required for bacterial DNA reslication, transcription, repair, recombination etc

45
Q

what type of drug is fusidic acid?

A

a bacteriostatic antibiotic

46
Q

what is fusidic acids moa?

A

inhibition of the translocation of the elongation factor G from ribosomes, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis

47
Q

what type of antibiotic is ampicillin?

A

a beta lactam

48
Q

what is ampicillins moa?

A

interference with cell wall synthesis by attachment to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis and inactivation of inhibitors to autolytic enzymes.

49
Q

is ampiciliin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad

50
Q

what type of antibiotic is phenoxymethyl penicillin?

A

a beta lactam

51
Q

what is phenoxymethyl penicillins moa?

A

kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation

52
Q

what type of antibiotic is flucloxicillin?

A

beta lactam

53
Q

what is flucloxacillins moa?

A

By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis.

54
Q

is flucloxacillin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

narrow - gram positive

55
Q

what type of antibiotic is clindamycin?

A

a macrolide

56
Q

what type of anitbiotic is chloramphenicol?

A

macrolide

57
Q

what type of antibiotic is oxazolidinone?

A

macrolide

58
Q

what type of antibiotic is streptomycin?

A

aminoglycoside

B9W2 (9 decks)

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