Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

Scope of the antimicrobial drugs

Answer 1

Antibacterials, antituberculars, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, antihelminthics, peptides

Question 2

These are the substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 2

Antibacterial drugs

Question 3

What are the five mechanisms of antibacterial action?

Answer 3

1. Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
2. Alteration of membrane permeability
3. Inhibition of protein synthesis
4. Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and
   DNA
5. Interference with metabolism within the cell

Question 4

What are the two types of antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 4

Inherent - Occurs without previous exposure to the drug
Acquired - Caused by prior exposure to the antibacterial

Question 5

What are the three types of antibiotic combinations?

Answer 5

Additive, potentiative, antagonistic

Question 6

Differentiate narrow and broad spectrum.

Answer 6

Narrow - Primarily effective against one type of organism (selective)
Broad - Effective against gram positive and gram-negative
organisms

Question 7

What are the four host factors?

Answer 7

Immune system, site of infection, age, pregnancy

Question 8

These are the DOC for gram-positive cocci such as
Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans, and
pyogenes

Answer 8

Penicillins

Question 9

They have the broadest antibacterial actions of any
antibiotics; Bactericidal and inhibit cell wall
synthesis and are often reserved for
complicated body cavity and connective tissue
infections

Answer 9

Carbapenems

Question 10

Bacteriostatic but with high enough
concentrations may be bactericidal via binding
with 50s ribosomes of MOs

Answer 10

Macrolides

Question 11

They are the DOC for Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and
Mycoplasma, spirochetes such as syphilis and
lyme

Answer 11

Tetracyclines

Question 12

They are bactericidal and potent thus DOC for virulent
infections through binding with 30s ribosome

Answer 12

Aminoglycosides

Question 13

Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA, does
not affect human DNA, suitable for treating complicated UTIs, but cansbe given to patients with respiratory skin, GIT,
and bone infections

Answer 13

Quinolones

Question 14

Example of antiseptic drugs

Answer 14

Nitrofurantoin, nitrofurantoin macrocrystals, methanamine

Question 15

What should be checked in the laboratory results before administering antibiotics?

Answer 15

BUN, creatinine, AST and ALT, cardiac function, CBC, platelet, and clotting

Question 16

It is a tuberculosis that demonstrates resistance to
two or more drugs

Answer 16

Multi-drug resistant TB

Question 17

Fungi that cause integumentary infections are
called

Answer 17

Dermatophytes

Question 18

It is used to kill Plasmodium organisms and work
during the phases of the parasite’s growth
inside humans

Answer 18

Antimalarial drug

Question 19

The most effective antimalarial drug for eradicating the parasite during the exoerythrocytic phase is

Answer 19

Primaquine

Question 20

Chemicals that kills or suppress virus by either
destroying virions or inhibiting their ability to
replicate

Answer 20

Antiviral drugs