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IPM > Antibiotic Classes > Flashcards

Antibiotic Classes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides?

A

Bind to 50s subunit of ribosomes, blocking peptide elongation

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2
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Binds to 50s subunit of ribosomes, inhibits peptidyl transferase (which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during translation process of protein biosynthesis

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3
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

A

Binds to 30s subunit of ribosomes causing misreading of mRNA

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4
Q

What is the MOA of oxazolidinones?

A

Binds to 50s subunit of ribosomes, inhibiting tRNA binding

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5
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

Binds to 30s subunit of ribosomes, inhibiting tRNA binding

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6
Q

What is the MOA of rifamycins?

A

Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

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7
Q

What is the MOA of quinolones?

A

Inhibit topo-isomerases

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8
Q

What is the MOA of nitroimidazoles?

A

Reduction in anaerobes produces radicals which cause oxidative damage to macromolecules

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9
Q

What is the MOA of isoniazid?

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacteria. Mycolic acid is found in the cell wall in certain bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

What is the MOA of bacitracin?

A

Inhibits re-regeneration of lipid carrier

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11
Q

What is the MOA of cycloserine?

A

Inhibits D-Ala-D-Ala (crucial enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis) so inhibits cell wall biosynthesis

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12
Q

What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

A

Sequester lipid II preventing incorporation of subunits into peptidoglycan cell wall .

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13
Q

What are the subclasses of Beta Lactams and what is their MOA?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Bacteriocidal. Inhibits transpeptidase cross linking of peptidoglycan strands which disrupts cell wall synthesis.

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14
Q

What is the MOA of daptomycin?

A

Disrupts gram +ve plasma membrane

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15
Q

What is the MOA of polymyxins?

A

Disrupts bacterial membranes

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16
Q

What is the MOA of trimethoprim?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, preventing the conversion of folate to tetra-hydroholate thus preventing DNA synthesis

17
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamides?

A

DHTS inhibitor, an exyme involved in folate synthesis

18
Q

Name some examples of macrolides

A

Clarithromycin

Azithromycin

19
Q

Name some examples of aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin
Tobramycin
Gentamicin

20
Q

Name some examples of ozazolidinones

A

Linezolid

Posizolid

21
Q

Name some examples of tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

Tetracycline

22
Q

Name an examples of a rifamycin

A

Rifampicin

23
Q

Name an example of a quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

24
Q

Name some examples of nitroimidazoles

A

Azomycin

25
Q

Name some examples of glycopeptides

A

Bleomycin

Vancomycin

26
Q

Name some examples of penicillins

A
  • Aminopenicillin- Amoxicillin
  • Beta-lactamase resistant - Methicillin, Flucloxazillin
  • Natural penicillins- Pencillin G/K/N/O/V
27
Q

Name some examples of cephalosporins

A

5 generations

Cephalexin
Cefalotin

28
Q

Name some examples of carbapenems

A

Meropenem

Imipenem

29
Q

What is the 5 year antimicrobial resistance strategy?

A

• Slowing down the development of antimicrobial resistance.
• Maintaining the efficacy of existing antimicrobials (stewardship).
• Investigating the link between antimicrobial use in animals / food
and the spread of resistance in humans.
• Minimising antibiotics entering the environment.
• Strengthening the information on environmental reservoirs of
resistance.
• Co-ordination of a multi-sectoral approach to AMR.

30
Q

Why is chloramphenicol used for meningitis?

What is a fatal side effect?

A

Penetrates cerebrospinal fluid well

Aplastic anaemia

31
Q

TB treatment? (RIPE)

A

Rifampicin
Isonazid (targets mycolic acid synthesis)
Pyrazinamide (targets fatty acid synthesis)
Ethambutol

32
Q

MOA of metronidazole?

A

Targets anaerobic bacteria in the pyruvate FERREDOXIN pathway.

The OXIDOreductive enzymes in this pathway convert metronidazole to a mutagenic product, which binds to DNA causing ss and ds breakage.

bactericidal

IPM (10 decks)

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