Antibiotic Classes Flashcards
Penicillins
MOA: Bind to transpeptidase enzymes in the bacterial cell and disrupt cell wall formation
- Bactericidal
Agents:
- Penicillin G & V
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Nafcillin
- Dicloxacillin
- Carbenicillin
- Ticarcillin
- Piperacillin
- Amoxicillin / Clavulanate
- Ampicillin / Sulbactam
- Ticarcillin / Clavulanate
- Piperacillin / Tazobactam
Cephalosporins
MOA: Bind to transpeptidase enzymes in the bacterial cell wall and disrupt cell wall formation
- Bactericidal
1st generation:
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
2nd generation:
- Cefuroxime
- Cefoxitin
3rd generation:
- Ceftriaxone
- Ceftazidime
4th generation:
- Cefepime
5th generation:
- Cefepime
Carbapenems
MOA: b-lactam
Most broad spectrum single agents available
Agents:
- Imipenem / Cilastatin
- Meropenem
- Ertapenem
Monobactams
MOA: b-lactam
Agents:
- Aztreonam
Aminoglycosides
MOA: bind 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
- Bactericidal
Agents:
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
- Amikacin
Tetracyclines
MOA: Reversibly bind to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
- Bacteriostatic
Agents:
- Tetracycline
- Doxycycline
Macrolides
MOA: Reversibly bind the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacteria protein synthesis
- Bacteriostatic
Agents:
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Azithromycin
Lincosamides
MOA: Reversibly bind the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
- Bacteriostatic
Agents:
- Clindamycin
Fluoroquinolones
MOA: inhibit DNA gyrase which results in breakage of bacterial DNA
- Bactericidal
Agents:
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
Glycopeptides
MOA: Bind D-ala-D-ala terminal residue in the glowing peptidoglycan chain. Inhibits cell wall formation
- Bactericidal
Agents:
- Vancomycin
Lipopeptide
MOA: irreversibly binds to and depolarizes cell membrane
- Bactericidal
Agents:
- Daptomycin
Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole
MOA: inhibits sequential steps in the formation of tetrahydrofolate in bacteria which inhibits purine synthesis
- Bacteriostatic
Nitromidazoles
MOA: Reduced to a toxic intermediate that produces damage by interaction with bacterial DNA
- bactericidal
Agents:
- Metronidazole
Oxazolidinones
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome. The mechanism of action is thought to be unique and involves the inhibition of an early step in protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
Agents:
- Linezolid