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Spring 2022: Therapeutics IV > Antibiotic Class Review (Erdman) > Flashcards

Antibiotic Class Review (Erdman) Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

cephalosporin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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3
Q

carbapenem mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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4
Q

monobactam mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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5
Q

fluoroquinolone mechanism of action

A

inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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6
Q

macrolide mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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7
Q

aminoglycoside mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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8
Q

vancomycin & dalbavancin mechanism of action

A

inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

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9
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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10
Q

linezolid & tedizolid mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface

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11
Q

daptomycin mechanism of action

A

causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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12
Q

telavancin & oritavancin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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13
Q

tetracycline mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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14
Q

tetracycline analog mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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15
Q

Bactrim mechanism of action

A

sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

polymyxin mechanism of action

A

binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg, which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

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17
Q

clindamycin mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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18
Q

metronidazole mechanism of action

A

prodrug activated by ferredoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

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19
Q

penicillin mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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20
Q

cephalosporin mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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21
Q

carbapenem mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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22
Q

monobactam mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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23
Q

fluoroquinolone mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
  2. efflux
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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24
Q

macrolide mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. efflux (mef)
  2. change in ribosomal binding site (erm)
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25
Q

aminoglycoside mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. altered aminoglycoside uptake
  2. synthesis of aminoglycoside-monitoring enzymes
  3. alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)
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26
Q

vancomycin & dalbavancin mechanism of resistance

A

modification of D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site

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27
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin mechanism of resistance

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site

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28
Q

linezolid & tedizolid mechanism of resistance

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)

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29
Q

daptomycin mechanism of resistance

A

altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane protein

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30
Q

telavancin & oritavancin mechanism of resistance

A

modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site

31
Q

tetracycline mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. tetracycline-specific efflux pumps
  2. ribosomal protection proteins
  3. enzymatic inactivation
32
Q

tetracycline analog mechanism of resistance

A

multidrug efflux pump

33
Q

Bactrim mechanism of resistance

A

mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase

34
Q

polymyxin mechanism of resistance

A

alteration in outer cell membrane (decreased Ca or Mg content, decreased lipopoly-saccharide content, decreased outer membrane proteins)

35
Q

clindamycin mechanism of resistance

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site (erm)

36
Q

metronidazole mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. altered growth requirements
  2. reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene
37
Q

Penicillins: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

38
Q

Cephalosporins: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

39
Q

Carbapenems: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

40
Q

Monobactams: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

41
Q

Fluoroquinolones: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

42
Q

Macrolides: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

43
Q

Aminoglycosides: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

44
Q

Vancomycin & dalbavancin: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

45
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

46
Q

Linezolid & tedizolid: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

47
Q

Daptomycin: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

48
Q

Telavancin & oritavancin: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

49
Q

Tetracyclines: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

50
Q

Tetracycline analogs: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

51
Q

Bactrim: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

52
Q

Polymyxins: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

53
Q

Clindamycin: bactericidal or -static?

A

bacteriostatic

54
Q

Metronidazole: bactericidal or -static?

A

bactericidal

55
Q

Penicillins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

56
Q

Cephalosporins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

57
Q

Carbapenems: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

58
Q

Monobactams: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

59
Q

Fluoroquinolones: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

60
Q

Macrolides: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

(azithromycin may be concentration-depdendent against some organisms)

61
Q

Aminoglycosides: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

62
Q

Vancomycin & dalbavancin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

63
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

64
Q

Linezolid: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

65
Q

Tedizolid: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

66
Q

Daptomycin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

67
Q

Telavancin & oritavancin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

68
Q

Tetracyclines: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

69
Q

Tetracycline analogs: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

70
Q

Bactrim: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

71
Q

Polymyxins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

72
Q

Clindamycin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

time

73
Q

Metronidazole: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?

A

concentration

Spring 2022: Therapeutics IV (12 decks)

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