Antibacterials: Macrolides, Oxazolidinones, Lincosamides, Glycopeptides, Ketolides, and Lipopeptides

Question 1

Macrolides
Azithromycin

Answer 1

bacterial conjunctivitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis, PID, STIs, and skin and respiratory infections
side effects: blurred vision, ocular irritation/pain, photosensitivity, headache, tinnitus, edema, drowsiness, dizziness, fever, fatigue, tongue discoloration, dysgeusia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal cramps, pruritus, rash, injection site reaction, weakness, agitation, vaginitis, constipation

ALT to penicillin for those allergic
Action: inhibits the steps of protein synthesis; bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect
Contraindication: hepatic dysfunction

Question 2

Macrolides
Clarithromycin

Answer 2

otitis media, tonsillitis, duodenal ulcer due to H. Pylori, and skin, respiratory, and soft-tissue infections
side effects: headache, rash, dysgeusia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, C. Diff, and superinfection

Question 3

Macrolides
Erythromycin base

Answer 3

acne, impetigo, tonsillitis, urethritis, STIs, Legionnaires’ disease, PID, diphtheria, and respiratory and skin infection
side effects: dry irritated skin, superinfection, C. Diff, anorexia, pruritus, erythema, phlebitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

Question 4

Macrolides
Fidaxomicin

Answer 4

C. Diff
side effects: anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, GI bleeding/obstruction, rash, pruritus, and hyperglycemia

Question 5

Oxazolidinones
Linezolid

Answer 5

bacteremia, sepsis, MRSA, VREF, and respiratory and skin infections
side effects: headache, pruritus, tongue/tooth discoloration, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, anemia, thrombocytopenia, C. Diff, and superinfection

Question 6

Oxazolidinones
Tedizolid

Answer 6

skin infections
side effects: headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, infusion-related reactions, phlebitis, C. Diff, and superinfection

Question 7

Lincosamides
Clindamycin

Answer 7

PID, acne, bacteremia, septicemia, MRSA, and respiratory, intraabdominal, skin, gynecologic, and bone/joint infections
side effects: dry skin, diarrhea, C.Diff, erythema, pruritus, superinfection, headache, and back pain

should be taken with full glass of water

Question 8

Lincosamides
Lincomycin

Answer 8

bacteremia, septicemia, intraabdominal, respiratory, bone/joint, and skin infections
side effects: glossitis, stomatitis, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, C. Diff, superinfection, injection site reaction, and rash

Question 9

Glycopeptides
Vancomycin hydrochloride

Answer 9

bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, MRSA, C. Diff, and respiratory, skin, bone/joint infections.
side effects: fever, headache, fatigue, back pain, peripheral edema, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypokalemia, and superinfection

Question 10

Glycopeptides
Oritavancin

Answer 10

skin infections, MRSA, and cellulitis
side effects: erythema, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, peripheral edema, infusion site reaction, superinfection, and C. Diff

Question 11

Glycopeptides
Telavancin

Answer 11

MRSA and respiratory and skin infections
side effects: erythema, chills, dizziness, pruritus, rash, dysgeusia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, infusion site reaction, C. Diff, and superinfection

Question 12

Ketolides
Telithromycin

Answer 12

community-acquired pneumonia
side effects: dizziness, dysgeusia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, C. Diff, and superinfection

Question 13

Lipopeptides
Daptomycin

Answer 13

MRSA, endocarditis, bacteremia, and skin infection
side effects: rash, pruritus, insomnia, edema, chest pain, headache, hyperhidrosis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, C. Diff, and superinfection