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*Pharmacology * > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

Basics on antibacterial drugs

1
Q

Cell wall formation drugs ? What are they?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
B lactamase inhibitors
Bacitracin

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2
Q

Penicillins

A 
Weak acid-inhibits trnspeptidase rxn
Bactercidsl and bacteriolytic,
 3 different types 
penicillin G and V -gram positive bacteria 
Ampicillin- broad spectrum.  
Carbenicillin - sp pseudomonas.
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3
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Pseudomonas

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4
Q

First line antimicrobials

A

Penicillins.

Not given iv orally

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5
Q

Horses? Penicillin

A

Can cause pseudo anaphylactic shock.

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6
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Long acting 1

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7
Q

Penicillin G - benzyl penicillin

A

Natural penicillin

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8
Q

Penicillin V

A

Biosynthetic phenooxymethly penicllin

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9
Q

Cephalosporins mechanism

A

Act on the cell wall just like penicillin inhibits the transpeptidase action

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10
Q

Cephalosporins have 1st and 3rd generation as well as 4th generation.?

A

Gram positive 1st and 3rd generation

4th generation - broad spectrum

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11
Q

alternative first line antimicrobial fro dogs and cats .

A

Cephalosporins.

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12
Q

Adverse reactions with cephalosporins?

A

Got intolerance
Injection site reactions
thromboohelbitis

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13
Q

Names of cephalosporins

A

Cefovecin
cephalexin
Cetiofur

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14
Q

Fucn fact

A

Cephalosporins are more stable that penicillin

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15
Q

B-lactamase inhibitor mechanism?

A

Splits b lactam ring to produce inactive metabolites .

And used in combination with amoxicillin to iver come b lactamase inhibitors

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16
Q

Examples of names of b lactamase inhibitors?

A

Clavilanic acid

Sublactam

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17
Q

Bacitracin action?

A

Bactericidal

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18
Q

Bacitracin

A

Narrow spectrum

Gram positive aerobic and anaerobic

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19
Q

Bacitracin

A

Narrow spectrum

Gram positive aerobic and anaerobic

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20
Q

Clinical action of bacitracin

A

Feed additive

Penicillin resistance

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21
Q

Adverse reaction of bacitracin

A

Nephrotoxic parenteral and no absorption

No absorption

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22
Q

Cell membrane function

A

Polymyxins

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23
Q

Moa if polymyxins

A

Disorganise the outer membrane by binding to phospholipids . Increased cell permeability

24
Q

Polymixins? +/-

A

Gram -

25
Q

Gram - bacteria

A

E.coli

26
Q

Clinical application of polymyxins

A

Endotoxaemia

Otitis external ointment

27
Q

Adverse reactions of polymyxins

A

Parenteraaly nephron ir neurotoxic
Neuromuscular blocking
Pain

28
Q

Types of polymyxins

A

Polymyxins b or e

29
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitions which drugs inhibit proteins ?

A 
Aminoglycosides 
Tetracyclines
Macrolides 
Lincosamides 
Amphenicols
30
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitions which drugs inhibit proteins ?

A 
Aminoglycosides 
Tetracyclines
Macrolides 
Lincosamides 
Amphenicols
31
Q

Àminogycosides spectrum?

A

Spectinocmycin- broad spectrum

32
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Spectinomycin- board spectrum

Gentamycin - gram positive
mainly gram negative aerobic

33
Q

Aminiglycosides

A

Streptomycin amikacin

34
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse rxn

A

Nephrotixicity

35
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Are bacteriostatic
Broadspectrun
Ehrlichia rickettsiae anaplasma
Protozoa

36
Q

Fact

A

Tetracyclines cannot be used with penicillins

37
Q

Adverse reactions of tetracyclines

A

Neprhotoxicity hepatotoxicity

Got intolerance sudden collapse

38
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline-synthetic

Oxytetracycle -nstural

39
Q

Macrolides

A

Bacterostatic and bacteriocidal and it accumulates in the lungs
Mainly gram +
Mycoplasma

40
Q

Macrolides tx?

A

Lung and udder and skin infections

41
Q

Adverse effects of marcolides

A

Git intolerance

Cardio toxic

42
Q

Lincosamides

A

Bacteriistatic and cross resistance with macrolides
Gram + anaerobic
Bone infections and arthritis respiratory or skin infections

43
Q

Lincosamides adverse rxn

A

Colitis fatal diarrhea neuromuscular block

Pregnancy

44
Q

Lincomycin and clindamycin are ?

A

Lincosamides

45
Q

DNA synthesis Inhibition

A 
Quinolones
Nitrofurans
Nitro-imidazoles
Rifamycin
Sulphinamides
46
Q

DNA synthesis Inhibition

A 
Quinolones
Nitrofurans
Nitro-imidazoles
Rifamycin
Sulphinamides
47
Q

Quinlolone

A

Bactericidal
Broadspecrtru
Used for respiratory and enteric diseases feed additive

48
Q

Name a quinlone

A

Enrofloaxcin

49
Q

Nitrofurans

A

Bactericidal
Board spectrum
Urinary antiseptics .
Adverse rxn- carcinogenic

50
Q

Nitro imdiazoles

A 
Metronodazole and dimetridazole
Potentially carcinogenic 
Anaerobic infections 
Trichomonas 
Swine dysentery
51
Q

Rifamycin

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase
Antiviral
Gram positive

Staphylococcus rodocoocus

52
Q

Rifamycin urine ?

A

Red discoloration in urine

53
Q

Sulphonamides

A

Folic acid synthesis
Broad spectrum
Coccidiosis foot rot
Urinary/resp infections

54
Q

Adverse rxn sulphonamides

A

Crystaluria
Kcs dogs
Idiosyncrasy

55
Q

Amoxicillin calculating acid …

A

Dont use it in its own it’s cheap.

20mg/kg

*Pharmacology * (2 decks)

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