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Pharmacology > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 quadrent single agents(5)

A

Clavamox/Unasyn
Chloremphenicol/Florfenicol
Meropenem/imipenem
Cefoxitin
Pradofloxicin

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2
Q

Name the 4 quardrent drug combos

A

quinolone/ag + amoxi/PenG + metro (b. fragilis)
quinolone/ag + clinda/clavamox/unasyn/cefoxitin

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3
Q

What drug class has confirmed time dependent killing PG

A

beta lactams

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4
Q

What three drug classes have confirmed concentration dependent killing PG?

A

fluorquinolones, aminoglycosides, nitroimidozoles

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5
Q

Which classes of antibiotics are cidal?(5)

A

Beta lactams
fluorquinolones
aminoglycosides
TMS
metro

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6
Q

Which classes of antibiotics are static?

A

Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Licosamides
Phenicols
Sulfas (alone)

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7
Q

True/False: there is no big difference between static and cidal action?

A

true, except with immunocompromised animals or bacterial menengitis

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8
Q

Which classes of antibiotics are still active in purulent debris(6)

A

Fluorquinolones
Macrolides
Licosamides
phenicols
Tetracyclines
Trimethoprim

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9
Q

What drugs/classes can penetrate the prostate?(7)

A

Chloramphenicol
Fluorquinolones
TMS
Doxy
Macrolides
Licosamides
3rd gen cephalosporins but we save!

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10
Q

Which drugs/classes can cross the BBB(5)

A

Chloramphenicol
Fluorquinolones
TMS
Doxy
Imipenim

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11
Q

What drug class can cross the BBB but only with inflammation?

A

licosamides

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12
Q

What is the MoA for beta lactams

A

prevents cross linking of the peptidoglycan wall

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13
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of resistance in beta lactams

A

-betalactamases
-alteration of the penicillin binding protein (chromosomal mutation of MRSA/MRSP infections)

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14
Q

True/False: you could used a potentiated beta lactam to get around the resistance present in MRSA/MRSP infection

A

false! because that resistance is based in the penicillin binding protein not the betalactamases

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15
Q

What is the injectable from of potentiated beta lactam?

A

Unasyn

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16
Q

What is the oral potentiated beta lactam drug

A

clavamox (amoxi/clav)

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17
Q

What are the three classifications of cephalosporns? what important drugs are in each

A

Gen 1 - cefazolin, cephalexin
Gen 2- cefoxitin
Gen 3 - vet drugs (cefpodoxime, ceftiofur, cefovecin [convenia]

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18
Q

When would you use a first gen cephalosporin?

A

gram + coverage
cefazolin: pre-op profolax
cephalexin: pyoderma

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19
Q

What class is cefoxitin? what is special about it?

A

cephalosporin/beta lactam
it is a four quad single agent

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20
Q

What class of drugs is drug of choice for bacterial meningitis

A

third gen cephalospornsW

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21
Q

What drug is considered the 1st and 2nd tier drug for pyoderma in dogs and soft tissue infections?

A

cefpodoxime

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22
Q

What is the only injectable formula of ceftiofur?

A

naxcel

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23
Q

What group of drugs has the broadest spectrum of activity of any antiicrobial

A

carbapenems

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24
Q

What is the MoA of fluoroquinolones?

A

inhibits DNA gyrase (preventing cell replication)

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25
Q

What is the main mechanism of resistance of the quinolones?

A

alteration of the target (chromosomal resistance)

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26
Q

What are the four most common quinolones?

A

Enrofloxicin
Orbofloxicin
Marbofloxacin
Pradofloxicin

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27
Q

Which quinolone is the only 4 quad single agent?

A

pradofloxicin

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28
Q

What agents would you use quinolones against?

A

gram neg and staph

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29
Q

What are the two special spectra for quinolones

A

mycoplasma and mycobacteria

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30
Q

What are the 3 adverse rxns of the quinolones

A

Enro: seizures @ high doses
retintoxicity in cats
Arthropathy is dose/species dependent

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31
Q

What is the MoA for AG?

A

30s inhibition

32
Q

What is AG best for?

33
Q

What are the mech of resistnace of AG?

A

hyperosmolarity, low pH, anaerobic conditions

34
Q

What are the 4 most common AG?

A

neomycin
tobramycin
Gentamicin
Amikacin

35
Q

What are the most sig adverse effects of AG?

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

36
Q

Why would you do therapeutic drug monitoring with AGs?

A

b/c the nephrotoxic possibility

37
Q

What would you use a macrolide to tx?

A

gram + or respiratory -

38
Q

What is the MoA of macrolides?

A

50s inhibition

39
Q

True/False: although very similar, resistance across macrolides and licosamides is uncommon

40
Q

Why are macrolides effective against resp gram -?

A

due to their intracellualr activity

41
Q

What are the 4 common macrolides?

A

Azythromycon
Erythromycin
Tylosin
Tilmicosin

42
Q

What is the most common adverse effect of macrolides?

43
Q

What drug is cardiotoxic in ducks, goats, horses, pig, man?

A

Tilmicosin

44
Q

What macrolide causes colic and death in horses?

45
Q

What is the MoA for licosamides?

A

50s inhibition

46
Q

What is most common licosamide?

A

Clindamycin

47
Q

What is licosamides good against?

A

gram + and anerobes

48
Q

What special spectra do licosamides have?

A

mycoplasma
toxoplasma

49
Q

What are the main side effects of licosamides?

A

esophageal strictures
GI depletion yielding c diff overgrowth (NO HINDGUT)

50
Q

What is the MoA for phenicols?

51
Q

What are the 2 main phenicol drugs?

A

chloramphenicol
florfenicol

52
Q

What phenicol is used in small animal and horses but banned in food animals?

A

chloremphenicol (aplastic anemia in humans)

53
Q

Which phenicol can you use in cattle?

A

florfenicol

54
Q

What special spectra do phenicols have

A

rickettsia
+/- chlamydia

55
Q

True/False: you can use any phenicol in horses

A

false only chlorphenicol
florfenicol causes severe D and colitis

56
Q

What group of drugs is prone to drug interactions because of the inhibition of the P450 system?

57
Q

What class of drug in not well tolerated in cats and can cause hind limb weakness in dogs?

58
Q

What class of drug is usually only utilized for special spectra?

A

tetracyclines

59
Q

What is the MoA for tetracyclines?

60
Q

What is the primary injectable tetracycline in vet med

61
Q

What drug/class is choice for tick borne disease and lepto?

A

Doxy/tetracyclines

62
Q

What non antibiotic effects do tetracyclines have?

A

tx of melting corneal ulcers
perodontal dz
anti inflam/immunomodulatory?

63
Q

What are adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

GI flora distruption
in utero teeth staining (except doxy)
hepatotoxicity (doxy)
nephrotoxicity
sudden collapse following rapid iv

64
Q

Why shouldn’t you use IV tetracyclines in horses?

A

cardiac arrhythmias, collapse, death

65
Q

What is the MoA for potentiated sulfas?

A

folic acid synthesis disruption

66
Q

What are the only occasions to used non potentiated sulfas?

A

coccidiosis
nocardia
bovine foot rot

67
Q

What are the compounds added to potentiate sulfas?

A

diaminopyrimidines
bezylpyrimadines
trimethoprim (most common)

68
Q

What is the most common potentiated sulfa drug

69
Q

What are the adverse effects of potentiated sulfas

A

KCS, imha, etc (immuno driven naughtiness
bone marrow suppression (reversable)
death in horses w/ simultaneous injo of alpha 2

70
Q

What is the main use of nitroimidazoles?

A

obligate anaerobes

71
Q

What is the main adverse sign of nitroimidazoles?

A

neuro with high doses

72
Q

What three drugs are BANNED in food animals

A

chlorphenicol
metronidazole
fluorquinolones

73
Q

What drugs can be safely given to horses?(6)

A

Nitroimidazoles
TMS (slowly if giving with alpha 2)
Oral tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Gentamicin
Naxel (ceftiofur, cephalosporin)

74
Q

What drug classes can be used against mycoplasma

A

Fluorquinolones
Macrolides
Licosamides
Phenicols

75
Q

What drug classes can be used against lepto

A

Tetracyclines
Aminogycosides
Penicillins (alone and potentiated)

76
Q

What drug classes can be used against psuedomonas (4)

A

Ceftazidime (only cephalospirin )
Carbapenems
Fluorquinolones (mainly prado)
Aminoglycosides

77
Q

What drug classes work against rickettsia

A

Doxycycline
Phenicols
+/- fluorquinolones

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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