Antibacterial Drugs that Disrupt the Bacterial Cell Wall

Question 1

anaphylactic reactions

Answer 1

unusual or exaggerated allergic reactions

Question 2

angioedema

Answer 2

localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by an allergic response.

Question 3

bacterial resistance

Answer 3

phenomenon by which a bacteria-produced substance inactivates or destroys an antibiotic drug

Question 4

beta-lactam ring

Answer 4

portion of the penicillin drug molecule that can break a bacterial cell wall

Question 5

cross-sensitivity

Answer 5

allergy to drugs in the same or related groups

Question 6

culture and sensitivity test

Answer 6

culture of bacteria to determine to which antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive

Question 7

glossitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the tongue

Question 8

malaise

Answer 8

discomfort, uneasiness

Question 9

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 9

bacterium that is resistant to methicillin

Question 10

nephrotoxicity

Answer 10

damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance

Question 11

otitis media

Answer 11

infection of the middle ear

Question 12

pathogens

Answer 12

disease-producing microorganisms

Question 13

penicillinase

Answer 13

enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin

Question 14

perioperative

Answer 14

pertaining to the preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative period

Question 15

phlebitis

Answer 15

inflammation of a vein

Question 16

prophylaxis

Answer 16

prevention

Question 17

pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 17

severe, life-threatening form of diarrhea that occurs when normal flora of the bowel is eliminated and replaced with clostridium difficile (C. diff) bacteria

Question 18

synthesis

Answer 18

combining or growing a number of different parts to make a new item

Question 19

thrombophlebitis

Answer 19

inflammation of a vein with clot formation

Question 20

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and vancomycin all inhibit:

Answer 20

bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 21

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and vancomycin are effective against bacteria because:

Answer 21

they target the bacterial cell wall. When the drug breaks down the cell wall, the bacteria die.

Question 22

What enzymes are involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell division?

Answer 22

penicillin-binding proteins

Question 23

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to certain antibiotics, such as:

Answer 23

methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin

Question 24

MRSA occurs most frequently among persons who are:

Answer 24

in hospitals and health care facilities and who have weakened immune systems.

Question 25

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 25

A newer drug resistant bacteria that affects severely ill, immunocompromised clients in intensive care, transplant, and some cancer treatment units.

Question 26

Ten commandments of antibiotic use

Answer 26

1. Teach clients nondrug ways to manage nonbacterial infections
2. Know the bacteria, treat it specifically
3. Treat for effectiveness and shorten the course, if appropriate
4. Communicate with clients to increase adherence
5. Use a combination of drugs only in specific situations
6. Substitute only when equivalent product is available
7. Educate to prevent self-prescription
8. Follow evidence-based guidelines
9. Use laboratory results correctly to prescribe
10. Research and understand your local trends and limits

Question 27

Four groups of penicillins:

Answer 27

1. natural penicillins
2. penicillinase-resistant penicillins
3. aminopenicillins
4. extended-spectrum penicillins

Question 28

The concentration of any drug in the body:

Answer 28

blood level