Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards
Definition of bactericidal antibacterials
Kill bacteria
Four processes of resistance
- Enzymes that destroy drug produced
- Decreased influx of drug
- Increased efflux of drug
- Change in structure of drug target molecule
4 methods of squiring resistance genes
- Spontaneous gene mutation (+vertical transmission)
- Conjugation
- Transduction (via bacteriophages)
- Transformation
Mechanism of action of beta-lactams
- Bind to penicillin-binding proteins
- Inhibit transpeptidases needed for cross linking peptidoglycan cell wall layer
- Prevents intact cell wall formation
- Activate lysis-enduring enzymes causing cell wall lysis
Mechanism of resistance against beat-lactams
Production of beta-lactamase enzyme that breaks down beta-lactam ring
Types of beta-lactams
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
Other drugs that affect cell wall
Glycopeptides
Mechanism of action of quinolones
Inhibit bacterial DNA replication through DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibition
Mechanism of action of metronidazole and tinidazole
Inhibit DNA synthesis and break down DNA
Feature of metronidazole
Causes alcohol intolerance
Mechanism of action of macrolides
Reversibly bind to 50s ribosome subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis
Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
Irreversibly bind to 30s ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
Tinidazole resistance mechanism
Oxoreductase development
Macrolide resistance mechanism
Efflux mechanism
Aminoglycoside resistance mechanism
Enzyme production that acetylates, phosphorylates, adenylyl drug
