Antiaxiety

Question 1

Two Types of Antianxiety Drugs

Answer 1

1) Anxiolytics aka Minor Tranquilizers (Benzodiazepines, Antidepressants, Beta Blockers, Antihistamines)
2) Sedative Hypnotics (Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Major Tranquilizers include antipsychotics)
a) Sedative: calm agitation
b) Hypnotic: induce sleep
c) Anxiolytic: reduce anxiety

Question 2

Mechanisms of Action for Anxiety Drugs

Answer 2

1) GABAA System has 5 receptors:
* GABA, ETOH, Benzodiazepines, neurosteriods, and Barbiturates
2) Benzo’s bind with Benzodiazepines receptors
3) Trigger the opening of Cl- ion channels
4) Influx of Cl- ions enter the cell creating inhibitory effect

Question 3

Chlodiazapoxide

Answer 3

Brand Name: Librium

Antianxiety: Benzidiazepines,

(the first one)

Half Life: 10 to 20 hours

Question 4

Lorazepam

Answer 4

Brand Name: Ativan

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Half Life: 10 to 20 hours

Very Addictive

Question 5

Alprazolam

Answer 5

Brand Name: Xanax

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Half Life: 8 to 15 hours,

fast action

Very Addictive

Question 6

Diazepam

Answer 6

Brand Name: Valium

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Half Life: 20 to 70 hours

Very Addictive

Question 7

Clonazepam

Answer 7

Brand Name: Klonopin

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines,

anticonvulsant

Half Life: 30 to 40 hours

Less Addictive, more popular

Question 8

Oxazepam

Answer 8

Brand Name: Serax

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Less Addictive

Question 9

Prazepam

Answer 9

Brand Name: Centrax

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Less Addictive

Question 10

Halazepam

Answer 10

Brand Name: Paxipam

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Less Addictive

Question 11

Quazepam

Answer 11

Brand Name: Doral

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Less Addictive

Question 12

Flumazenil

Answer 12

Brand Name: Romazicon

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines

Question 13

Buspirone

Answer 13

Brand Name: BuSpar

Antianxiety: unique antianxiety agent, acts on 5HT receptor

Half Life: 2 to 3 hours and up to 11 hours

Question 14

Propranolol

Answer 14

Brand Name: Inderal

Antianxiety: beta blocker, block NE receptors

Reduces heart rate, tremors, & sweating

Question 15

Atenolol

Answer 15

Brand Name: Tenormin

Antianxiety: Beta blocker, block NE receptors

Reduces heart rate, tremors, & sweating

Question 16

Estazolam

Answer 16

Brand Name: ProSom

Antianxiety: Sedative Hypnotic

Question 17

Quazepam

Answer 17

Brand Name: Doral

Antianxiety: Sedative Hypnotic,

sleep aid

Question 18

Zolpidem

Answer 18

Brand Name: Ambien

Antianxiety: Sedative Hypnotic, sleep aid

Short HL: 1.5 - 2.6 hours,

Less addictive, for chronic insomniacs

Question 19

Zaleplon

Answer 19

Brand Name: Sonata Antianxiety: Sedative Hypnotic, sleep aid, Short HL: 1 -1.5 hours, Less addictive, for chronic insomniacs

Question 20

Eszopiclone

Answer 20

Brand Name: Lunesta Antianxiety: Sedative Hypnotic, sleep aid, Short HL: 6 hours, Less addictive, for chronic insomniacs

Question 21

Hydroxyzine

Answer 21

Brand Name: Atarax Antianxiety: Antihistamine, Block histamine receptors

Question 22

Diphenhydramine

Answer 22

Brand Name: Benadryl Antianxiety: Antihistamine, Blocks histamine receptors

Question 23

Sedative Hypnotic Withdrawal

Answer 23

1) Takes 6 months to rid of the withdrawal symptoms
2) Worse than alcohol withdrawal
3) Withdrawal symptoms makes it hard to get off of drug
4) Symptoms Include: hypertension, fever, insomia, hallucinations, anxiety, nausea, seizure, delirium, death

Question 24

Drugs Used for Alcohol Withdrawal

Answer 24

Used for Alcohol Withdrawal due to its Moderate Half Life Chlodiazapoxide (HL: 10 to 20 hrs) Lorazepam (HL: 10 to 20 hours)

Question 25

Drugs Used for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 25

1) Buspirone
2) Benzodiazepines
3) Antiseizure Medication such as Gabapentin
4) SSRI’s (antidepressants)
5) Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 26

Drugs Used for Stress Induced Anxiety

Answer 26

1) Short-term used (1 to 4 weeks) of Benzodiazepines
2) Short term use of Sedative Hypnotics for sleep

Question 27

Drug Used for Specific & Social Phobias

Answer 27

1) Exposure Therapy is better than any drug
2) Medication is not warranted
3) If use drugs then prescribe
a) Propranolol, a beta blocker
b) Venlafaxine, a SNRI
c) MAOI’s
d) SSRI’s (for social phobia)

Question 28

Drugs Used for Agoraphobia without Panic

Answer 28

1) Use Exposure Therapy
2) Propranolol, a beta blocker
3) Benzodiazepines

Question 29

Drugs Used for Panic Disorder

Answer 29

1) High potency Benzodiazepines (Clonazepam, Alprazolam & Lorazepam)
2) SSRI’s & SSNRI’s
3) Tricyclics
4) MAOI’s

Question 30

Drugs Used for OCD

Answer 30

1) Clomipramine (commonly used)
2) High Dosage of SSRI’s
3) Combined SSRI & Clonazepam
4) Combined SSRI & other sedative hypnotic benzo’s

Question 31

Maladaptive Loop of OCD

Answer 31

1) Frontal Cortex
2) Caudate Nucleus of the Basal Ganglia
3) Thalamus
4) Back to Frontal Cortex

Damage to this loop at the basal ganglia
Basal ganglia is rich in serotonin
People with OCD has less 5HT than People with MDD

Question 32

Substances that Cause Anxiety Symptoms

Answer 32

1) Alcohol Withdrawal
2) Caffeine Use
3) Cocaine Use
4) Appetite Suppressants

Question 33

Medical Conditions that Cause Anxiety Symptom

Answer 33

1) Cushing’s Syndrome
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Premenstrual Syndrome
4) Cardiac Arrthymia
5) Alcoholism