Anti-Virals Flashcards
Amantadine
MOA: blocks viral uncoating (M2 protein), also releases dopamine from nerve terminals
Use: Prophylaxis for Influenza (although not anymore), Parkinson Disease
Toxicity: ataxia, slurred speech
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir
MOA: Neruaminidase inhibitor, decreases new virus release from cells
Use: Influenza A and B
Ribavirin
MOA: Inhibits guanine nucleotides by inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
Use: RSV, Hep C
Toxicity: teratogen, hemolytic anemia
Acyclovir
MOA: guanosine analog that must be phosphorylated by Thymidine kinase in the virus
Use: HSV, VZV, EBV
Toxicity: none
Ganciclovir
MOA: 5-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase (guanosine analog)
Use: CMV (esp. in HIV)
Toxicity: Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
Foscarnet
MOA: Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor, pyrophosphate analog
Use: CMV retinitis in HIV
Toxicity: nephrotoxicity
Cidofovir
MOA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Use: CMV retinitis in HIV
Toxicity: nephrotoxicity
What makes up HAART?
2 nucleoside reverse RT inhibitors + either: -1 NNRTI or -1 protease inhibitor or -1 integrase inhibitor
Lopinavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Ritonavir
MOA: protease inhibitor, cleaves HIV mRNA into its components
Use: HIV
Toxicity: lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, GI upset
Tenofovir, Abacavir, Zidovudine, Didanosine
MOA: NRTIs, competitive enzyme inhibitors, must be phosphorylate by thymidine kinase (except Tenofovir)
Use: HIV
Toxicity: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia
Nevirapine, Efavirenze, Delavirdine
MOA: NNRITs, bind RT away from active site, do NOT need phosphorylation
Use: HIV
Toxicity: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia
Raltegravir
MOA: viral Integrase Inhibitor, no HIV genome integration
Use: HIV
Toxicity: hypercholesterolemia
