Anti-viral And Antibiotics!

Question 1

M2 ion channel blockers- ADRs?

Answer 1

Dizziness, GI disturbance, hypotension, hallucinations (amantadine has more ADRs so use rimantidine)

Question 2

Neuraminidase inhibitors e.g. Oseltamivir - mechanism?

Answer 2

Inhibits neuraminidase (sialic acid analogue) -> stops breakdown of sialic acid bridges -> stops release of new viruses from cell

Question 3

Neuraminidase inhibitor- ADRs?

Answer 3

GI disturbance, headache, epistaxis, resp depression

Question 4

Antibiotics affecting cell wall synthesis- groups and example?

Answer 4

Beta lactams- penicillins (amoxicillin), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone), carbapenems (meropenem)

Glycopeptides (vancomycin)

Question 5

Antibiotics affecting protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Macrolides (erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
Tetracyclines

Question 6

Antibiotics affecting DNA synthesis?

Answer 6

Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)

Folic acid antagonists (trimethoprim)

Question 7

Antibiotic monitoring?

Answer 7

Stool chart (all!)
Aminoglycosides- plasma [drug], renal and auditory function
Daptomycin- creatine kinase, eosinophils
Vancomycin and IV antibiotics- monitor plasma [drug]

Question 8

Gentamicin/aminoglycoside ADRs?

Answer 8

Ototoxicity, Renal toxicity

Question 9

Penicillins ADRs

Answer 9

Hypersensitivity, liver, CNS toxicity, C. Diff

Question 10

Cephalosporins- ADRs?

Answer 10

Hypersensitivity, liver, C. Diff

Question 11

Chloramphenicol ADR?

Answer 11

Bone marrow suppression

Question 12

M2 ion channel blockers e.g rimantidine- mechanism?

Answer 12

Block M2 channel -> inhibit H+ entry -> inhibits breakdown of viral coat -> stops RNA getting into cytoplasm!

Question 13

Antibiotics that cause GI disturbance (not c diff)

Answer 13

Tetracyclines and macrolides