Anti Viral Flashcards
Acyclovir and Valacyclovir MOA
Nucleoside analogues which halt replication
Aka DNA synthesis ihibitor
Acyclovir vs Valacyclovir
Valacyclovir is the prodrug and has ore bioavailibility when taken PO
VZV (chicken pox) tx
Supportive care for children
Adolescents and adults: ayclovir or valcyclovir
Tx for HSV1 and HSV2
Acyclovir or Valacyclovir
Tx for Herpes Zoster Virus (shingls)
Valacyclovir or acyclovir
Use IV if involved in eye or menningitis or immunocompromised
Tx for CMV
Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir (prodrug)
If patient is intolerant of val/ganciclovir: use foscarnet
Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir MOA
DNA polymerase inhibitor
Bioavailibility is higher in valganciclovir which is PO only while gangciclovir is IV only with terrible bioavailibility
Thymidine Kinase
No essential for viral replication but is required to activate val/acyclovir and val/ganciclovir
Foscarnet MOA
Inhibitor of DNA/RNA polymerase
IV administration only
Nephrotoxicity and electrolyte distrubances
Hep B treatment
PEG-interferon (not used much bc lots of side effects)
Entecavir
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Tenofovir alagenamide
Entecavir MOA
Guanosine nucleoside analog
PO
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/tenofovir alafenamide MOA
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
PO
(TAF has substantially few side effects compared to TDF)
What would cause a resistance to TDF/TAF/entecavir
Mutation in the reverse transcriptase
HCV tx
Combination pills
Usually a protease inhibitor and a DNA polymerase ihibitor
Elbasvir + Grazoprevir
Glecaprevir + Pibrentasvir
Ledipasvir + sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir + Valpatasvir
What must be checked before starting Hep C treatment
Hep B serologies: if Hep C is treated, Hep B does not need to compete with another virus and can fluorish
Influenza treatments
Osteltamivir: PO
Peramivir: IV
Zanamivir: inhalation
MOA osteltamivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor
HIV treatment
Must initiate 3 medications (2 for prophylaxis)
Usually 2 NRTIs and 1 other class (INSTI)
Cannot switch meds or start some but not all
Treatment is lifelong
Epivir (lamivudine) MOA
NRTI
Zaigen (abacavir) MOA
NRTI
VIREAD (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) MOA
NRTI
EMTRIVA (emtricitabine) MOA
NRTI
Truvada (tenofovir df + emtricitabine) MOA
NRTI
Retrovir (zidovudine)
NRTI
Sustiva (Efacirenz) MOA
NNRTI
Edurant (rilpivirine) MOA
NNRTI
Viramune (nevirapine) MOA
NNRTI
Tivicay (dolutegravir) MOA
Integrase inhibitor
Vitekta (elvitegravir) MOA
Integrase inhibitor
Isentress (raltegravir) MOA
Integrase inhibitor
Tybost (cobistat) MOA
Not active against HIV itself but is used to boost levels of INSTI and PI
Darunavir, ataanavir, ritonavir MOA
Protease inhibitor
What do Triumeq, dovato, and biktarvy all have in common?
Triumeq, dovato, and biktarvy are all 1 pill once daily combos that are first line treatments for HIV
Main side effect of abacavir
Must check patien for HLAB*5701 gene
If gene is present and they take abacavir then serious rash is produced
