Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM Heme-Onc II > Anti-neoplastic drugs III > Flashcards

Anti-neoplastic drugs III Flashcards

1
Q

what are the typical alklylating agents?

A

divided into 5 classes

  • nitrogen mustards - mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifofamide, chlorambucil
  • ethylenimine - thioTEPA
  • aklylsulfonates - buslfulfan
  • nitrosoureas - carmustine, lomustine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the alkylating agents all have what MOA?

A

alkylation of DNA at guanine & N5 position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechlorethamine

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • typical alkylating agents (nitrogen mustards)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • indication: advanced N&NH lymphoma
  • AEs
    • GI
    • mutagenic / carcinogenic
    • vesicant extravasation → blisters, necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

for which of mechlorethamines AEs can be is there an antidote?

what is the antidote?

why is this important?

A
  • for extravasation (blistering necrosis)
  • sodium thiosulate: must be available during mechlorethamine administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

extravasation due to which drugs can be treated with an antidote?

what are the antidotes for each?

A
  • - rubicins (anthracyclines) = dexrazoxane
  • mechlorethamine (typical alkylating agent) = thiosulfate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cyclophosphamide

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • typical alkylating agents (nitrogen mustards)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
      • also, is pro-drug that requires activation by CYP-2D6
  • AE
    • hemorrhagic cystitis
    • bone marrow suppression
    • alopecia
    • nausea/vomiting - highly emetogenic
    • future risks of cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

isofosamide

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agents (nitrogen mustards)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • AEs:
    • severe hemorrhagic cystitis
    • severe neurotoxicity → encephalopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is acrolein?

why is it clinically relevant?

A
  • is a corrosive metabolite made by isophosphamide & cyclophosphamide that leads to → hemorrhagic cystitis
    • also alopecia for mechlorethamine
  • prior to tx with mechlorethamine & cyclophosphamide, pts must be pre-medicated with MENSA therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of MENSA therapy?

A
  • necessary pre-medication for pts about to receive:
    • isofosamide
    • cyclophosphamide
  • for prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chlorambucil

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agents (nitrogen mustards)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • indication: drug of choice for long-term maintenance therapy (i.e., elderly patients)
  • AE: mutagenic / teratogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a benefit of chlorambucil and why is this important

A
  • is the least toxic alkylating agent & is myeloid sparing.
    • thus, it is the drug of choice for long term maintenance therapy (elderly pts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thioTEPA

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agents (ethylenimine)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
      • also - is only active at a low pH
  • indication: ovarian & bladder cancer
  • AEs - mild myelosuppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

busulfan

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agents (alkylsulfonates)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • indication: transplantation prophylaxis
  • AEs:
    • 100% myelosuppression
    • hyperuricemia
    • pulmonary fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which anti-cancer drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • bleomycin (non-anthracycline)
  • busulfan (typically alkylating agent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nitrosoureas

  • are what kind of drugs?
  • includes what drugs?
A
  • are typically alkylating agents
  • are: -mustines
    • lomustine
    • carmustine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nitrosoureas share what indication?

A

-carmustine, lomustine

are all used for brain tumors

17
Q

carmustine

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agent (nitrosoureas)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • indication: brain tumors - specifically, gliomas: implants w/ carmustine are placed into the brain after tumor removal
  • AE: none major
18
Q

lomustine

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • a typical alkylating agent (nitrosoureas)
    • MOA: DNA alkylation at guanine-N-Y position
  • indication: brain tumors - in combination therapy
  • AE:
    • GI
    • myelosuppression
19
Q

lomustine

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?

PHARM Heme-Onc II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions