Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM Heme-Onc II > Anti-neoplastic Drugs II > Flashcards

Anti-neoplastic Drugs II Flashcards

1
Q

plant alkaloid anti-cancer drugs include what classes?

A
  • mitotic inhibitors
  • topoisomerase inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mitotic inhibitors

  • are what kind of anti-cancer drugs?
  • include what classes?
A
  • are plant alkaloids.
    • includes:
      • vinca alkaloids: “vin”
      • taxanes: “taxel”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which drugs are vinca alkaloids?

A
  • vin -
    • vincristine
    • vinblastine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vinca alkaloids

  • are what kind of drug?
  • have what MOA?
  • have what indications?
  • AE/CI?
A

_vin_cristine, _vin_blastine

  • are mitotic inhibitors
  • MOA: prevent microtubule polymerization → no spindle formation in M-phase
    • thus, are non-DNA binding.
    • also, are vesicants: v for vesicants
  • indications: HL, NHL, others
  • AE/CI
    • both
      • GI effects (constipation)
      • alopecia
    • vincristine - peripheral neuropathy
    • vinblastine - bone marrow suppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vincristine

  • what kind of drugs?
  • MOA?
  • indications?
  • AE/CI?
A
  • mitotic spindle inhibitors (vinca alkaloids)
  • MOA: prevent microtubule polymerization → no spindle formation in M-phase
    • thus, are non-DNA binding.
    • also, are vesicants: v for vesicants
  • indications: HL, NHL, others
  • AE/CI
    • peripheral neuropathies: dose-limiting toxicity
    • GI effects (constipation)
    • alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vinblastine

  • what kind of drugs?
  • MOA?
  • indications?
  • AE/CI
A
  • mitotic spindle inhibitors (vinca alkaloids)
  • MOA: prevent microtubule polymerization → no spindle formation in M-phase
    • thus, are non-DNA binding.
    • also, are vesicants: v for vesicants
  • indications: HL, NHL, others
  • AE/CI
    • bone marrow suppression: dose limiting toxicity
    • GI effects (constipation)
    • alopecia
    • C/I: leukopenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is significant benefit of vincristine & why is this important?

A

is bone marrow sparing. thus, is desirable to combination therapy. cristine = “christ save us all”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compare and contrast the AEs of vinca alkaloids

A

(mitotic inhibitors)

  • both
    • GI effects
    • alopecia
  • vincristine - peripheral neuropathy
  • vinblastine - bone marrow suppression

*vincristine is bone sparing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which drugs are taxanes?

A
  • - taxel
    • paclitaxel
    • docetaxel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

taxanes

  • what type of drugs?
  • MOA?
  • clinical indications
  • AEs
A

paclitaxel, docetaxel

  • are mitotic spindle inhibitors
  • MOA: inhibit microtubule dissociation
    • also, are irritants
  • clinical indications - tx of advanced cancers after anthracycline failures
  • AEs:
    • both
      • peripheral neuropathy
      • myelosuppression
    • paclitaxel - infusion rx hypersensitivity
    • docetaxel - alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

paclitaxel

  • what type of drugs?
  • MOA?
  • clinical indications
  • AEs
A
  • are mitotic spindle inhibitors (taxanes)
  • MOA: inhibit microtubule dissociation
    • also, are irritants
  • clinical indications - tx of advanced cancers after anthracycline failures
  • AEs:
    • peripheral neuropathy
    • myelosuppression - neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
    • infusion rxn hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

docetaxel

  • what type of drugs?
  • MOA?
  • clinical indications
  • AEs
A
  • are mitotic spindle inhibitors (taxanes)
  • MOA: inhibit microtubule dissociation
    • also, are irritants
  • clinical indications - tx of advanced cancers after anthracycline failures
  • AEs:
    • peripheral neuropathy
    • myelosuppression - neutropenia, anemia
    • alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compare / contrast the AEs of the taxanes

A

(mitotic inhibitors)

  • paclitaxel
    • worse peripheral neuropathy
    • neutropenia & thrombocytopenia
    • infusion rxns
  • docetaxel
    • less peripheral neuropathy
    • neutropenia & anemia
    • alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compare and contrast the MOAs of the mitotic inhibitors

A
  • vinca alkaloids: vincristine, vinblastine
    • prevent microtubule polymerization
    • are vesicants (v = vesicant)
  • taxanes: paclitaxel, docetaxl
    • prevent microtubule dissociation
    • are irritants (taxes are irritating)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which mitotic inhibitor drug can caused infusion reaction hypersensitivity?

what is the antidote to this AE?

A
  • paclitaxel (a taxane)
  • tx: dexamethasone - can be given as pre-medication to prevent rxn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors

  • are what kind of anti-cancer drugs?
  • include what classes?
A
  • plant alkaloids
  • include
    • camptothecans: “tecan”
    • podophyllotoxins: “posides”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which drugs are camptothecins?

A

(topoisomerase inhibitors)

  • - tecans:
    • topotecan
    • irinotecan
18
Q

camptothecins

  • are what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • AEs?
A

-tecans: topotecan, irinotecan

  • are topoisomerase inhibitors
  • MOA: binds topo I & prevents resealing of a single strand DNA cut
    • topotecan: does not require activation
    • irinotecan: prodrug that requires activation (SN-38)
  • AEs:
    • topotecan - myelosuppression ; neutropenia, anemia
    • irinotecan - diarrhea (d/t SN38 form)
19
Q

irinotecan

  • is what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • AEs/CIs?
A
  • a topoisomerase inhibitor
  • MOA: binds topo I & prevents resealing of a single strand DNA cut
    • A PRODRUG that requires conversion to active form, SN-38, in the liver
  • AEs:
    • diarrhea - d/t SN38 accumulation
20
Q

a UGT-1A1 molecular assay is necessary before treatment with which anti-cancer drug?

why?

A

irinotecan

(a camptothecin topoisomerase inhibitor)

UGT1A1 removes SN-38, irinotecan’s active (but potentially toxic) form. defective UGT-1A1 could lead SN-38 accumulation → excessive cholinergic stimulation → diarrhea

21
Q

which drugs are podophylotoxins?

A
  • posides:
    • etoposide
    • teniposide
22
Q

podophylotoxins

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • AEs/CIs?
A

posides: etoposide, teniposide

  • topoisomerase inhibitors
  • MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II → double strand breaks
  • AEs/CIs
    • both: secondary malignancies
    • etoposide - infusion rxns → hypotension
    • teniposide - severe myelosuppresision
23
Q

etoposide

A
  • topoisomerase inhibitor ( podophyllotoxins)
  • MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II → double strand breaks
  • AEs/CIs
    • secondary malignancies
    • infusion rxns → hypotension
24
Q

contrast the MOAs of the topoisomerase inhibitors

A
  • camptothecins: inhibit topoisomerase I
    • topothecan (active drug)
    • ironothecans (produg, active form = SN-38)
  • podophyllotoxins: inhibit topoisomerase II
    • etoposide
    • teniposide
25
Q

contrast the AEs of the topoisomerase inhibitors

A

(toposisomerase inhibitors)

  • camptothecins:
    • topothecan - myelosuppression
    • ironothecans - diarrhea
  • podophyllotoxins: both cause secondary malignancies
    • etoposide - infusion reaction
    • teniposide - severe myelosuppression
26
Q

what are the anti-cancer antibodies?

A
  • trastuzumab
  • T-DMI
  • pertuzumab
  • pembrolizumab
  • bevacizumab
  • brentuximab vedotin
  • rituximab / alamtuzumab / natalizumab
27
Q

trastuzumab

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indications?
  • AEs?
A
  • anti-cancer antibody
  • binds HER-2 receptors → blocking cancer cell replication
  • indications: HER-2+ cancers
    • breast cancer
    • gastric cancer
    • pancreatic cancer
  • AES:
    • cardiotoxicity - “hand over heart, in god we trust”
    • fatigue
    • anthenia
    • pain
28
Q

T-DMI

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indications?
  • AEs?
A
  • anticancer antibody
  • MOA: T-DMI = complex of trastuzumab & emtansine (toxin carrying vesicle).
    • T-DMI binds to HER-2R expressing cells only → releases toxin → cell arrest
  • indications: HER-2 + patients who failed trastuzumab therapy
  • AE: well tolerated
29
Q

pembrolizumab

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indications?
  • AEs?
A
  • anticancer antibody
  • MOA: immune checkpoint inhibitor
    • binds PD-I (programmed cell death inhibitor) on T-cells → apoptosis
  • indications: many cancers
  • AEs: GI side effects
30
Q

bevacizumab

  • what kind of drug
  • MOA
  • AEs
A
  • anticancer antibody
  • MOA: inhibits VEGF → preventing angiogenesis & thus tumor growth
  • AEs:
    • wound healing complications
    • proteinurea
    • thromboembolism
31
Q

brentuximab vedotin

  • what kind of drug
  • MOA
  • AEs
A
  • anticancer antibody
  • MOA: is an Ab-drug conjugate that targets CD-30 expressing cells → releases MMAE (anti-tubulin toxin) → apoptosis
  • AE - peripheral neuropathy
32
Q

natalizumab

  • what kind of drug
  • MOA
  • indications
  • AEs
A
  • anti-cancer antibodies
  • MOA: blocks alpha-4-inegrin (adhesion molecule) on lymphocytes
  • indications: B-cell malignancies resistant to rituximab
  • AEs: inc risk of opportunistic infections
33
Q

which anti-cancer antibodies are used to treat HER-2 cancers & what are their AEs?

A
  • trastuzumab:
    • cardiotoxicity
    • fatigue
    • asthenia
    • pain
  • TMD-I - n/a
  • pertuzumab - diarrhea
34
Q

which anticancer antibodies cause an increased risk of infections?

A
  • ritixumab - slightly increased risk of infection
  • natalizumab - inc risk of opportunistic infection
35
Q

which anticancer drug leads to poor wound healing?

A

bevacizumab

36
Q

list the anticancer antibodies that bind CD molecules and which ones they bind

A
  • brentuximab vedotin: CD-30
  • ritixumab: CD-20 (B-lymphocytes)
  • alamtuzuamb: CD52 (B & T lymphocytes)
37
Q

which anti-cancer antibody binds PD-1?

A

pembrolizumab

38
Q

imatinib

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AEs?
A
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  • MOA: inhibitors specific tyrosine kinase receptors → apoptosis
  • indication: tyrosine kinase dependent tumors
  • AE: fluid retention - edema, HF
39
Q

bortezomib

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AE?
A
  • proteasome inhibitor
  • MOA: breaks down proteosome (protein disposal unit)
  • indication: multiple myeloma
  • AE: fluid retention - edema, hypotensio, HF
40
Q

palbociclib

  • what kind of drug?
  • MOA?
  • indication?
  • AE?
A
  • a small molecule inhibitor
  • inhibits CDK4 & CDK6 (cell cycle enzymes)
  • indication: CDK4 & CDK6 dependent tumors
  • AE: mild myelosuppression
41
Q

which anti-cancer drugs cause infusion reactions?

A
  • paclitaxel (mitotic inhibitor)
  • etoposide (topo II inhibitor)
  • bevacizumab (Ab)
  • rituximab (Ab)
42
Q

which anti-cancer drugs can cause edema & HF?

A
  • imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
  • bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor)

both cause fluid retention

PHARM Heme-Onc II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions