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PHARMACOLOGY > Anti-inflammatory/DMARDS/Gout > Flashcards

Anti-inflammatory/DMARDS/Gout Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first prostaglandin formed in the COX pathway

A

PGG

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2
Q

What prostaglandins are vasodilators

A

PGE, PGI

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3
Q

What is the end product of the LOX pathway and what do they do

A

Leukotrienes: bronchoconstriction, bronchial edema, bronchial secretions

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4
Q

What do epoxides do

A

Inc oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes and renal tubules

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5
Q

What dos COX1 do

A

Protect gastric mucosa, platelet aggregation,inc renal perfusion

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6
Q

What COX enzyme is inducible in injury

A

COX2

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7
Q

What drug inhibits COX3

A

Paracetamol

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8
Q

COX inhibitors ending in coxib are

A

Selective

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9
Q

ADR of nonseletive cox inhibitors

A

Gastric irritation, bleeding, AKI

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10
Q

What is the only irreversible cox inhibitor and why

A

Aspirin - forms covalent bonds

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11
Q

What nonselective cox inhibitors are propionic acid derivatives

A

Ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen

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12
Q

What drug should not be given with ibuprofen

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

ADR of flurbiprofen

A

MI, severe gastric irritation

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14
Q

What is the only non acid derived NSAID

A

Nabumetone

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15
Q

ADR of sulindac

A

SJS

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16
Q

How does indomethacin cause decrease in vasodilation

A

Inhibits phospholipase A2 - dec production of prostaglandins

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17
Q

What NSAID is used in closure of PDA

A

Indomethacin

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18
Q

Why are lumiracoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib phased out

A

Causes MI and HPN, ADR is thrombosis

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19
Q

What arthritis is characterized by morning stiffness

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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20
Q

Arthritis with osteophyte formation

A

Osteoarthritis

21
Q

What causes pannus formation in RA

A

Chemotaxis of immune complexes

22
Q

Primary joints affected in osteoarthritis

A

Distal interphalangeal, carpometacarpal

23
Q

What arthritis has heberden’s nodes and where are they usually located

A

Osteoarthritis, in distal phalangeal joints

24
Q

What drugs address the root cause of RA

A

DMARDS

25
Q

Most commonly involved joint in gouty arthritis and why

A

1st metatarsophalangeal joint - lowest temp in the body, inducing crystallization

26
Q

Moa of dmards

A

Immunosuppression

27
Q

What TNF blockers are monoclonal antibodies (dmards)

A

Infliximab, adalimumab

28
Q

Moa of etanercept

A

Blocks tnf receptor

29
Q

What does abatacept target

A

CD80, CD86

30
Q

How does azathioprine inhibit DNA synthesis

A

6-thioguanine replaces guanine, affecting inosinic acid production

31
Q

What DMARD is an alkylating agent

A

Cyclophosphamide

32
Q

Rescue drug for hemorrhagic cystitis adr of cyclophosphamide

A

Mesna

33
Q

What dmard targets calcineurin

A

Cyclosporine

34
Q

ADRs of chloroquine

A

Ocular toxicity, prolonged QT interval

35
Q

What does leflunomide inhibit, causing inhibition of dna synthesis

A

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

36
Q

Dmard of choice

A

Methotrexate

37
Q

Rescue drug of mucositis adr of methotrexate

A

Folinic acid / leucovorin

38
Q

What enzymes does methotrexate inhibit

A

AICAR transformylase, thymidylate synthetase, dihydrofolate reductase

39
Q

What dmard has aplastic anemia as adr

A

Mycophenolate

40
Q

Adr if dmards tnf blockers

A

Reactivation of TB

41
Q

Drug of choice for acute gout

A

Colchicine

42
Q

Moa of colchicine

A

Inhibits tubulin for wbc migration

43
Q

Contraindication of colchicine

A

Undergoing dialysis

44
Q

What drugs decrease uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase

A

Allopurinol, febuxostat

45
Q

Difference between allopurinol and febuxostat

A

Febuxostat is nonpurine

46
Q

What drugs decrease uric acid by causing uricosuria

A

Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone

47
Q

Where is uric acid reabsorption inhibited

A

PCT

48
Q

How does probenecid prolong the action of penicillin

A

Inhibits active tubular secretion of penicillin

PHARMACOLOGY (3 decks)

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