Anti-infectives Flashcards
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Active against gram+
- Use: severe infections; MRSA, VRE
- Poorly absorbed in GI but given po for C.difficile
- Given IV: “red man syndrome” (drug infused too rapidly)
Need drug levels, ototoxicity, nephotoxicity
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Fusion inhibitor
metronidazole (Flagyl)
- use: anaerobic organisms in intraabdominal and gyn infections, trichomoniasis (std)
- po or IV
- do not use ETOH
-adverse: dizziness, HA, GI
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Commonly ordered and appealing
500mg 1st day
250mg 4 days after
To treat: staph, strep, gonorrhea, chlamydia
Erythromycin (E-mycin)
Macrolide
Compliance issue: 4x a day
Fusion inhibitors
Suppresses the fusion process where a virus attaches to outer membrane of T-cell before entering into cell and replicating.
macrolides
- bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in large doses
- inhibit protein synthesis
Advers: GI
indinavir (Norvair)
protease inhibitor
carbapenems
- broad spectrum bactericidal
- inhibit cell wall synthesis
Adverse: drug induced seizures
cefepime (Maxipime)
4th generation cephalosporin
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
3rd generation cephalosporin
specifically used for gonorrhea
Protease inhibitors
Inhibits protease retroviral enzyme, which promotes the break-up of chain protein molecules – This process is necessary for viral replication
delavirdine (Rescriptor)
Non-NRTI
tenoforvir (Viread)
NRTI
cefoxetan (Cefotan)
2nd generation cephalosporin
Surgical prophylaxis to prevent infection
Cephalosporins
- baceteriostatic and bacteriocidal
- inhibit cell wall synthesis
- broad spectrum (gram +/-)
- Structurally similar to penicillin – has cross sensitivity issues with Penicillin (1-4%)
Can cause GI symptoms
isoniazid (INH)
TB treatment
- People with a + TB test & latent TB get this med which they’ll take for months
- can be used prophylaxis
permethrin (Nix)
used to treat head lice, pediculosis (body lice)
Tetracyclines
- broad spectrum bacteriostatic
- increased resistance
- For individuals with penicillin allergies
Treats: H. Pylori, chlamydia, PID, acne, UTI, syphilis
cephalexin (Keflex)
1st generation cephalosporin
- Gram +
- Compliance issue: 4x/day drug
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin)
Can cause renal failure
Do not give to kids under 8 years due to yellow staining of teeth and do not give to pregnant women
silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Topical for 2nd and 3rd degree burns - used to treat infections
Watch for sulfa allergies
fosfomycin (Monurol)
sulfa drug
phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
sulfa drug
Used in treatment for UTI - Causes decreases in burning associated with UTI but turns pee red/orange
trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Drug most associated with “sulfa allergy”
Mostly used for UTI
imipenem cilastatin (Primaxin)
IV
- complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in the acutely ill hospitalized patients
- used to treat staph and ecoli
Carbapenem
Sulfonamides
Inhibit bacteria
Used for UTI
Can cause N/V/D and allergies
Antiparasitic
used in treatment of living organisms that survive on another
benzoyl peroxide
dermatologic agent
drying agent used for acne
Betadine and Chloroprep
dermatologic agent
Skin prep used prior to procedures or surgeries
pyrazinamide (Tebrazid)
TB treatment
bacitracin or Neomycin
Topical antibacterial for infections
ethambutol (Myambutol)
TB treatment
zidovadine (AZT)
NRTI for HIV/AIDS
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Stop abnormal replication
- DNA is synthesized from RNA rather than the opposite.
Antifungals
disrupt cell membrane
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
- IV only
- extremely potent
- used in life-threatening fungal infections only
- Must be pre-treated with pain meds prior to administration
- Can cause: chills, fever, hypotension and is painful to receive
nystatin (Mycostatin)
topical agent given to treat an oral candidiasis or vaginal thrush
gentamicin (Garamycin)
IM or IV
treatment of meningitis or endocarditis
aminoglycoside
rifampin (Rifaidin)
TB treatment
Dermatologic agents
For skin - applied topically, many are OTC
Zocin
Extended spectrum penicillin
will treat gram - and anaerobic agents
used in hospitals for nosocomial infections
amoxicillin
Penicillin
Resistance issues - higher doses must be prescribed
brimonidine (Alphagen)
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
Decreased Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
Opthalmic agents
- prevent systematic absorption
- ointments have higher drug concentration
tobramycin (Nebcin)
aminoglycoside
streptomycin
IM or for TB treatment
Watch for nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside
- bactericidal
- inhibit protein synthesis
- serious gram - infections and active resistant TB
- NO po
- Often combined with ampicillin
- Peak/Trough levels: measured to see renal clearance for the measurement of drug toxicity. Trough is more important.
pilocarpine (Pilocar)
Cholingeric drops - increase outflow of aqueous humor
timolol (Timoptic)
Betablocker drops - decrease the production of the aqueous humor
penicillin G
penicillin general
Adverse effects: allergy, neurotoxicity, GI symps
Nursing Imp: allergic reaction, yogurt for diarrhea
Erythromycin drops (Ilotycin)
Given to newborns - to treat neonatal conjuctivitis caused by chlamydia
Sufacetamide
antimicrobial for eyes
Atropine sulfate
Drops used to dilate eyes for examination
Penicillin
- bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal
- gram +
- used for: strep, pneumococcal pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis
fluconazole (Diflucan)
- po or IV
- preferred over amphotericin B due to less adverse effects
clotrimazole (Lotimin)
- po, topical or intravaginal
antifungal
trabinafine (Lamisil)
- topical for ringworm
- po for toe fungus
zanamirvir (Relenza)
inhibits replication of Influenza A (and/or B) virus
- Must be taken within 2 days of symptoms or less
May cause broncospasms in asthamatics
acyclovir (Zovirax)
- IV, po, or topical
- anti-viral: Inhibits viral reproduction
- used for genital herpes
- only lessens pain and decreases lesions
mebendazole (Vermox)
used in treatment of pinworms (enterobiasis)
gamma benzene hexachloride (Kwell)
used in treatment of itch mites (scabies)
