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Pharmacology > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

A

Active against gram+

  • Use: severe infections; MRSA, VRE
  • Poorly absorbed in GI but given po for C.difficile
  • Given IV: “red man syndrome” (drug infused too rapidly)

Need drug levels, ototoxicity, nephotoxicity

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2
Q

enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

A

Fusion inhibitor

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3
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl)

A
  • use: anaerobic organisms in intraabdominal and gyn infections, trichomoniasis (std)
  • po or IV
  • do not use ETOH

-adverse: dizziness, HA, GI

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4
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

A

Commonly ordered and appealing

500mg 1st day
250mg 4 days after

To treat: staph, strep, gonorrhea, chlamydia

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5
Q

Erythromycin (E-mycin)

A

Macrolide

Compliance issue: 4x a day

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6
Q

Fusion inhibitors

A

Suppresses the fusion process where a virus attaches to outer membrane of T-cell before entering into cell and replicating.

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7
Q

macrolides

A
  • bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in large doses
  • inhibit protein synthesis

Advers: GI

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8
Q

indinavir (Norvair)

A

protease inhibitor

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9
Q

carbapenems

A
  • broad spectrum bactericidal
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis

Adverse: drug induced seizures

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10
Q

cefepime (Maxipime)

A

4th generation cephalosporin

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11
Q

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

specifically used for gonorrhea

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12
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

Inhibits protease retroviral enzyme, which promotes the break-up of chain protein molecules – This process is necessary for viral replication

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13
Q

delavirdine (Rescriptor)

A

Non-NRTI

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14
Q

tenoforvir (Viread)

A

NRTI

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15
Q

cefoxetan (Cefotan)

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

Surgical prophylaxis to prevent infection

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16
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • baceteriostatic and bacteriocidal
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • broad spectrum (gram +/-)
  • Structurally similar to penicillin – has cross sensitivity issues with Penicillin (1-4%)

Can cause GI symptoms

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17
Q

isoniazid (INH)

A

TB treatment

  • People with a + TB test & latent TB get this med which they’ll take for months
  • can be used prophylaxis
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18
Q

permethrin (Nix)

A

used to treat head lice, pediculosis (body lice)

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19
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • broad spectrum bacteriostatic
  • increased resistance
  • For individuals with penicillin allergies

Treats: H. Pylori, chlamydia, PID, acne, UTI, syphilis

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20
Q

cephalexin (Keflex)

A

1st generation cephalosporin

  • Gram +
  • Compliance issue: 4x/day drug
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21
Q

tetracycline HCL (Achromycin)

A

Can cause renal failure

Do not give to kids under 8 years due to yellow staining of teeth and do not give to pregnant women

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22
Q

silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

A

Topical for 2nd and 3rd degree burns - used to treat infections

Watch for sulfa allergies

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23
Q

fosfomycin (Monurol)

A

sulfa drug

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24
Q

phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

A

sulfa drug

Used in treatment for UTI - Causes decreases in burning associated with UTI but turns pee red/orange

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25
Q

trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

A

Drug most associated with “sulfa allergy”

Mostly used for UTI

26
Q

imipenem cilastatin (Primaxin)

A

IV

  • complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in the acutely ill hospitalized patients
  • used to treat staph and ecoli

Carbapenem

27
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Inhibit bacteria

Used for UTI

Can cause N/V/D and allergies

28
Q

Antiparasitic

A

used in treatment of living organisms that survive on another

29
Q

benzoyl peroxide

A

dermatologic agent

drying agent used for acne

30
Q

Betadine and Chloroprep

A

dermatologic agent

Skin prep used prior to procedures or surgeries

31
Q

pyrazinamide (Tebrazid)

A

TB treatment

32
Q

bacitracin or Neomycin

A

Topical antibacterial for infections

33
Q

ethambutol (Myambutol)

A

TB treatment

34
Q

zidovadine (AZT)

A

NRTI for HIV/AIDS

35
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

A

Stop abnormal replication

- DNA is synthesized from RNA rather than the opposite.

36
Q

Antifungals

A

disrupt cell membrane

37
Q

amphotericin B (Fungizone)

A
  • IV only
  • extremely potent
  • used in life-threatening fungal infections only
  • Must be pre-treated with pain meds prior to administration
  • Can cause: chills, fever, hypotension and is painful to receive
38
Q

nystatin (Mycostatin)

A

topical agent given to treat an oral candidiasis or vaginal thrush

39
Q

gentamicin (Garamycin)

A

IM or IV

treatment of meningitis or endocarditis

aminoglycoside

40
Q

rifampin (Rifaidin)

A

TB treatment

41
Q

Dermatologic agents

A

For skin - applied topically, many are OTC

42
Q

Zocin

A

Extended spectrum penicillin

will treat gram - and anaerobic agents

used in hospitals for nosocomial infections

43
Q

amoxicillin

A

Penicillin

Resistance issues - higher doses must be prescribed

44
Q

brimonidine (Alphagen)

A

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

Decreased Intraocular Pressure (IOP)

45
Q

Opthalmic agents

A
  • prevent systematic absorption

- ointments have higher drug concentration

46
Q

tobramycin (Nebcin)

A

aminoglycoside

47
Q

streptomycin

A

IM or for TB treatment

Watch for nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

aminoglycoside

48
Q

Aminoglycoside

A
  • bactericidal
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • serious gram - infections and active resistant TB
  • NO po
  • Often combined with ampicillin
  • Peak/Trough levels: measured to see renal clearance for the measurement of drug toxicity. Trough is more important.
49
Q

pilocarpine (Pilocar)

A

Cholingeric drops - increase outflow of aqueous humor

50
Q

timolol (Timoptic)

A

Betablocker drops - decrease the production of the aqueous humor

51
Q

penicillin G

A

penicillin general

Adverse effects: allergy, neurotoxicity, GI symps

Nursing Imp: allergic reaction, yogurt for diarrhea

52
Q

Erythromycin drops (Ilotycin)

A

Given to newborns - to treat neonatal conjuctivitis caused by chlamydia

53
Q

Sufacetamide

A

antimicrobial for eyes

54
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

Drops used to dilate eyes for examination

55
Q

Penicillin

A
  • bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal
  • gram +
  • used for: strep, pneumococcal pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis
56
Q

fluconazole (Diflucan)

A
  • po or IV

- preferred over amphotericin B due to less adverse effects

57
Q

clotrimazole (Lotimin)

A
  • po, topical or intravaginal

antifungal

58
Q

trabinafine (Lamisil)

A
  • topical for ringworm

- po for toe fungus

59
Q

zanamirvir (Relenza)

A

inhibits replication of Influenza A (and/or B) virus
- Must be taken within 2 days of symptoms or less

May cause broncospasms in asthamatics

60
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax)

A
  • IV, po, or topical
  • anti-viral: Inhibits viral reproduction
  • used for genital herpes
  • only lessens pain and decreases lesions
61
Q

mebendazole (Vermox)

A

used in treatment of pinworms (enterobiasis)

62
Q

gamma benzene hexachloride (Kwell)

A

used in treatment of itch mites (scabies)

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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