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DDS3-PHARM > anti-infectives > Flashcards

anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporin
  • vancomycin
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2
Q

name the drug class that inhibits DNA replication

A

quinolones

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3
Q

dose regime for Pen VK

A

300mg QID for 7-10 days

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4
Q

dose regime for Amoxil

A

500mg TID for 7-10days

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5
Q

dose regime for Augmentin (Amoxil/Clavulanate)

A

Amoxil 500mg, Clavulanate 125mg for 7days (mild) or 10 days (severe)

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6
Q

what is the first drug of choice for odontogenic infections

A

penicillin

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7
Q

what are the combinations for the following: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

A
  • ampicillin + sulbactam
  • amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
  • ticarcillin+clavulanic acid
  • piperacillin+tazobactam
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8
Q

1st gen cephalosporins and dosage

A
  • cephalexin (250-500mg PO q6h)

- cefazolin

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9
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A
  • cefuroxime IV
  • cefuroxime axetil (250-500 mg PO q12h)
  • cefaclor (250-500mg PO q8h)
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10
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A
  • ceftriazone
  • cefotaxime (IV)
  • ceftazidime (IV)
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11
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

cefepime (IV OR IM)

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12
Q

1st gen cephalosporins tx

A
  • skin and soft tissue

- dental infections

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13
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins tx

A
  • respiratory tract infections
  • otitis media
  • dental infections
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14
Q

name two examples of carbapenems

A
  • iminpenem

- meropenem

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15
Q

which abx inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem)
  • vancomycin
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16
Q

t/f: carbapenems are less resistant to beta-lactamases in comparison to other abx

A

false. they are more resistant to beta-lactamases

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17
Q

high doses of imipenem can cause __

A

seizures

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18
Q

vancomycin chemical structure

A

tricyclic glycopeptide

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19
Q

t/f: vancomycin is mainly used for resistant infections

A

true

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20
Q

which abx cause inhibition of protein synthesis (and what subunit)

A
  • aminoglycosides (30S)
  • tetracyclines (30S)
  • clindamycin (50S)
  • macrolides (50S)
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21
Q

the only protein synthesis inhibitor that is bactericidal is___

A

aminoglycosides

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22
Q

t/f: aminoglycosides only have activity against anaerobes

A

false. they only have activity against aerobes (bc they have an oxygen dependent system(

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23
Q

what is one disadv of aminoglycosides in routes of administration

A

poor oral absorption (no PO)

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24
Q

give two examples of aminoglycosides

A
  • gentamicin

- streptomycin

25
t/f: aminoglycosides are weak and safe
false. they are very potent with serious toxicities
26
what are two toxicities associated with aminoglycosides
- nephrotoxicity | - ototoxicity
27
how does tetracycline enter the cell
- passive diffusion | - energy-dependent transport proteins
28
what abx is used to treat perio infections due to Aa
tetracyclines
29
dosage of doxycycline
100mg QD for 21 days
30
dosage of tetracycline
250mg PO q6h for 21 days
31
dosage of minocycline
100mg PO BID for 21 days
32
what is used to treat Aa that is becoming resistant
amoxicillin+metronidazole
33
low dose doxycycline
20mg for 3-4 months (aka. Periostat)
34
t/f: tetracyclines have a very narrow spectrum
false. they have a wide spectrum of bacteria that they can tx
35
why can't you take tetracyclines with dairy products, antacids, and iron
bc tetracycline binds to Ca+2, Mg+2, and Al+3 ions that are insoluble (poor absorption)
36
what are the strengths that clindamycin comes in
150mg (elderly) | 300mg (younger pts, allergy to pen)
37
dose frequency for clindamycin
QID
38
dosage for erythromycin
250mg QID for 7-10days
39
dosage for clarithromycin
250-500mg PO BID for 7-10days
40
dosage for azithromycin
500mg STAT the 250mg QD for 4 days
41
drug interactions of macrolide abx
erythro and clarithro are inhibitors of CYP p450: theophylline, digoxin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, cyclosporine, terfenadine, astemizole, phenytoin, warfarin
42
name 2 abx classes that inhibit DNA synthesis
- quinolones | - metronidazole
43
MOA for quinolones (-floxacin)
bind to DNA gyrase
44
dose of ciprofloxacin
250-500mg PO BID
45
dose of levofloxacin
250-500mg QD
46
dose of moxifloxacin
400mg QD
47
dose of metronidazole
250-500mg BID-TID
48
rx for perio using amox and/or metro
- amox 500mg and metro 250mg TID - metro 500mg BID - amox 500mg BID
49
t/f: metronidazole can be teratogenic
true
50
can u take metronidazole with alcohol
no. inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase -> disulfiram-like reactions
51
name 2 abx that inhibit folic acid synthesis
- sulfonamides | - trimethoprim
52
antibiotic prophy dosages
- amox 2g (or peds 50mg/kg) - clinda 600mg (or peds 20mg/kg) - azithro 500mg (or peds 15mg/kg) - clarithro 500mg (or peds 15mg/kg)
53
3 main categories for anti-fungals
- amphotericin B - nystatin - azoles
54
prescription for nystatin
5mL swish and swallow TID
55
drug of choice for candida infections
nystatin
56
which anti-fungals are cytochrome p450 inhibitors
azoles
57
can you prescribe azoles for a long time?
no, not more than 4-5days (causes liver problems)
58
dosage for fluconazole
100-200mg QD for 4-5days
59
Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis
- vancomycin 500mg QID f2d - vancomycin 125mg QID f10-14d - metronidazole 500mg TID f7-14d

DDS3-PHARM (3 decks)

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