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DDS3-PHARM > anti-infectives > Flashcards

anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporin
  • vancomycin
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2
Q

name the drug class that inhibits DNA replication

A

quinolones

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3
Q

dose regime for Pen VK

A

300mg QID for 7-10 days

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4
Q

dose regime for Amoxil

A

500mg TID for 7-10days

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5
Q

dose regime for Augmentin (Amoxil/Clavulanate)

A

Amoxil 500mg, Clavulanate 125mg for 7days (mild) or 10 days (severe)

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6
Q

what is the first drug of choice for odontogenic infections

A

penicillin

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7
Q

what are the combinations for the following: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

A
  • ampicillin + sulbactam
  • amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
  • ticarcillin+clavulanic acid
  • piperacillin+tazobactam
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8
Q

1st gen cephalosporins and dosage

A
  • cephalexin (250-500mg PO q6h)

- cefazolin

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9
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A
  • cefuroxime IV
  • cefuroxime axetil (250-500 mg PO q12h)
  • cefaclor (250-500mg PO q8h)
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10
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A
  • ceftriazone
  • cefotaxime (IV)
  • ceftazidime (IV)
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11
Q

4th gen cephalosporins

A

cefepime (IV OR IM)

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12
Q

1st gen cephalosporins tx

A
  • skin and soft tissue

- dental infections

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13
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins tx

A
  • respiratory tract infections
  • otitis media
  • dental infections
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14
Q

name two examples of carbapenems

A
  • iminpenem

- meropenem

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15
Q

which abx inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem)
  • vancomycin
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16
Q

t/f: carbapenems are less resistant to beta-lactamases in comparison to other abx

A

false. they are more resistant to beta-lactamases

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17
Q

high doses of imipenem can cause __

A

seizures

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18
Q

vancomycin chemical structure

A

tricyclic glycopeptide

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19
Q

t/f: vancomycin is mainly used for resistant infections

A

true

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20
Q

which abx cause inhibition of protein synthesis (and what subunit)

A
  • aminoglycosides (30S)
  • tetracyclines (30S)
  • clindamycin (50S)
  • macrolides (50S)
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21
Q

the only protein synthesis inhibitor that is bactericidal is___

A

aminoglycosides

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22
Q

t/f: aminoglycosides only have activity against anaerobes

A

false. they only have activity against aerobes (bc they have an oxygen dependent system(

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23
Q

what is one disadv of aminoglycosides in routes of administration

A

poor oral absorption (no PO)

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24
Q

give two examples of aminoglycosides

A
  • gentamicin

- streptomycin

25
Q

t/f: aminoglycosides are weak and safe

A

false. they are very potent with serious toxicities

26
Q

what are two toxicities associated with aminoglycosides

A
  • nephrotoxicity

- ototoxicity

27
Q

how does tetracycline enter the cell

A
  • passive diffusion

- energy-dependent transport proteins

28
Q

what abx is used to treat perio infections due to Aa

A

tetracyclines

29
Q

dosage of doxycycline

A

100mg QD for 21 days

30
Q

dosage of tetracycline

A

250mg PO q6h for 21 days

31
Q

dosage of minocycline

A

100mg PO BID for 21 days

32
Q

what is used to treat Aa that is becoming resistant

A

amoxicillin+metronidazole

33
Q

low dose doxycycline

A

20mg for 3-4 months (aka. Periostat)

34
Q

t/f: tetracyclines have a very narrow spectrum

A

false. they have a wide spectrum of bacteria that they can tx

35
Q

why can’t you take tetracyclines with dairy products, antacids, and iron

A

bc tetracycline binds to Ca+2, Mg+2, and Al+3 ions that are insoluble (poor absorption)

36
Q

what are the strengths that clindamycin comes in

A

150mg (elderly)

300mg (younger pts, allergy to pen)

37
Q

dose frequency for clindamycin

A

QID

38
Q

dosage for erythromycin

A

250mg QID for 7-10days

39
Q

dosage for clarithromycin

A

250-500mg PO BID for 7-10days

40
Q

dosage for azithromycin

A

500mg STAT the 250mg QD for 4 days

41
Q

drug interactions of macrolide abx

A

erythro and clarithro are inhibitors of CYP p450: theophylline, digoxin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, cyclosporine, terfenadine, astemizole, phenytoin, warfarin

42
Q

name 2 abx classes that inhibit DNA synthesis

A
  • quinolones

- metronidazole

43
Q

MOA for quinolones (-floxacin)

A

bind to DNA gyrase

44
Q

dose of ciprofloxacin

A

250-500mg PO BID

45
Q

dose of levofloxacin

A

250-500mg QD

46
Q

dose of moxifloxacin

A

400mg QD

47
Q

dose of metronidazole

A

250-500mg BID-TID

48
Q

rx for perio using amox and/or metro

A
  • amox 500mg and metro 250mg TID
  • metro 500mg BID
  • amox 500mg BID
49
Q

t/f: metronidazole can be teratogenic

A

true

50
Q

can u take metronidazole with alcohol

A

no. inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase -> disulfiram-like reactions

51
Q

name 2 abx that inhibit folic acid synthesis

A
  • sulfonamides

- trimethoprim

52
Q

antibiotic prophy dosages

A
  • amox 2g (or peds 50mg/kg)
  • clinda 600mg (or peds 20mg/kg)
  • azithro 500mg (or peds 15mg/kg)
  • clarithro 500mg (or peds 15mg/kg)
53
Q

3 main categories for anti-fungals

A
  • amphotericin B
  • nystatin
  • azoles
54
Q

prescription for nystatin

A

5mL swish and swallow TID

55
Q

drug of choice for candida infections

A

nystatin

56
Q

which anti-fungals are cytochrome p450 inhibitors

A

azoles

57
Q

can you prescribe azoles for a long time?

A

no, not more than 4-5days (causes liver problems)

58
Q

dosage for fluconazole

A

100-200mg QD for 4-5days

59
Q

Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis

A
  • vancomycin 500mg QID f2d
  • vancomycin 125mg QID f10-14d
  • metronidazole 500mg TID f7-14d

DDS3-PHARM (3 decks)

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