Anti-hypertensives Flashcards
Why is losartan a preffered drug for treating hypertension compared to enalapril?
It does not cause a dry cough
What are diuretics mechanism of action?
Reduces plasma volume and gradually TPR due to increase Na secretion as H2O follows
What are vasodilators mechanism of action?
Directly reduce TPR
What are beta blockers mechanism of action?
Reduce cardiac output & kidney renin secretion
What are ACE inhibitors mechanism of action?
Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibit endogenous vasoconstrictor production
What are a blockers mechanism of action?
Reduce TPR by inhibiting noradrenaline action
What are angiotensin antagonist mechanism of action?
Reduce TPR by inhibiting angiotensin action
Examples of thiazides
Bendrofluazide
Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Example of thiazide like structures
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone
Side effects of thiazides
Frequent urination
Low plasma potassium level
Loop diuretics are used…
In emergencies
Classes of vasodilators are…
Calcium antagonist
A1 blockers
How do vasodilators work?
- Act directly on the smooth muscle cells of arteries and arterioles
- Lower the intracellular calcium concentration
- Cause muscle cell relaxation
- Results in vasodilation
Name calcium antagonists…
Dihdropyridines
Benzothiazepine (dialtiazeam)
Side effects of calcium antagonists…
Flushing
Ankle oedema
Side effects of dailtiazeam…
Cardiac depression
Interaction with B blockers
Examples of a blockers…
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Prazosin
Side effects of a blockers…
Postural hypotension (dizzy/lightheaded)
Examples of B Blockers
Atenolol
Metoprolol
B Blockers mechanism of action is…
Bind to and block b1-adrenoceptors in the heart – sino atrial node + ventricular muscle
Block action of noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerves and circulating adrenaline
Side effects of B Blockers…
Cold hands
Fatigue
Examples of ACE inhibitors…
Ramipril
Lisinopril
Catopril
Enalapril
Side effects of ACE inhibitors…
Dry cough
Examples of angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Losartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Valsartan
