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Pharm Exam 4 > Anti-Helminths > Flashcards

Anti-Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Anti-Helminths.

A
  1. Mebendazole (Vermax)—most important
  2. Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth)
  3. Thiabendazole (Mintezol)
  4. Ivermectin (Stromectol)
  5. Praziquantel (Biltricide)
  6. Niclosamide
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2
Q

Which drugs work against Nematodes?

A
  1. Mebendazole (generally a DOC)
  2. Pyrantel pamoate
  3. Thiabendazole
  4. Ivermectin (Stromectol)
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3
Q

What drug works against Trematodes?

A

Praziquantel

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4
Q

Which agent works against Cestodes?

A

Niclosamide

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of Pinworms?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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6
Q

What type of worm will eat through your lungs?

A

Roundworm

Caused by: Ascaris lumbricoides

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7
Q

What are the 2 hookworms?

A

Necator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

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8
Q

What are the DOC for Nematodes?

A
  1. Mebendazole

2. Pyrental pamoate

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9
Q

What is the DOC for the Nematode-whipworm: Trichuris trichuria?

A

Mebendazole

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10
Q

What is the DOC for the Nematode-threadworm: Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Thiabendazole

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11
Q

What is the DOC for the Nematode-trichinosis: Trichinella spirals? What is the limitation to this treatment?

A

EARLY STAGES: Thiabendazole

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12
Q

Where can you find infections of a “true roundworm”?

A

Mouth and anus

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13
Q

What is the DOC for flatworms-flukes:
Schistosoma japonicum
S. mansoni
S. haematobium?

A

Praziquantel

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14
Q

What is the DOC for the Cestodes-tapeworms: Taenia solium

Taenia saginata?

A

Niclosamide

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Mebendazole?

A

binding to & interfering with the synthesis of the parasite’s microtubules & by glucose uptake

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16
Q

What are the contraindications of Mebendazole?

A

Pregnancy: it is embryo toxic and teratogenic

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17
Q

What will increase the oral absorption of Mebendazole?

A

If taken with a high fat meal

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18
Q

What are some typical adverse effects of Mebendazole?

A

Abdominal pain and Diarrhea

19
Q

What is the DOC for roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Pyrantel pamoate

20
Q

What is another indication of Pyrantel pamoate besides roundworm?

A

Hookworm and pinworm

21
Q

What is the MOA of Pyrantel pamoate?

A

depolarizing block of neuromuscular transmission, causing persistent activation of the parasite’s nicotinic receptors causing:  spastic paralysis (Ca floods the “muscle” of the worm and it cannot move ultimately getting excreted in feces

22
Q

What are the Contraindications of Pyrantel pamoate?

A

None

23
Q

What are the adv eff of Pyrantel pamoate?

A

Mild GI effects

24
Q

What is the DOC for:

  1. Strongyloides stercoralis
  2. Cutaneous larval migrans (creeping eruption)
  3. Early stages or trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis)
A

Thiabendazole

25
Q

What is the MOA of Thiabendazole?

A

affects microtubular aggregation

26
Q

What is nice about Thiabendazole?

A

It has rapid oral absorption

27
Q

What are the adverse eff of Thiabendazole?

A

GI:, anorexia, N/V
CNS: dizziness
Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

28
Q

What is the MOA of Ivermectin?

A

targets glutamate-gated chloride channels

Increases chloride influx- paralyzes worm

29
Q

What is used to treat: Onchocerca – River Blindness- Mexico, South America, tropical Africa?

A

Ivermectin

30
Q

Asthma (adverse eff so yes, causes it!)
Mazotti-like reaction (fever,headache, somnolence,hypotension- from killing worm)
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

What drug is responsible?

A

Ivermectin

31
Q

What 2 drugs cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Ivermectin

Thiabendazole

32
Q

What are the Contraindications of Ivermectin?

A

Pregnancy

Meningitis

33
Q

What is the DOC for flukes (Schistosoma)- which infect tissues and
also effective against tapeworms (Tania)?

A

Praziquantel

34
Q

Which drug has this MOA?

Increases cell membrane permeability to calcium causing contracture & paralysis of parasite?

A

Praziquantel

35
Q

How is Praziquantel administered?

A

Rapidly absorbed orally

36
Q

What are some common adv effects of Praziquantel?

A

drowsiness, dizziness, malaise, anorexia, GI upset

37
Q

What drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, and ocular cysticercosis?

A

Praziquantel

38
Q 
What anti-worm agent has drug interactions with: 
dexamethasone, 
phenytoin, 
carbamazepine, 
cimetidine
A

Praziquantel

39
Q

What anti-worm agent stimulates Ca–NOT nicotinic receptors and thus leads to contraction of the worm?

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

What is the DOC for most cestode (tapeworm) infections?

A

Niclosamide

41
Q

Which anti-worm agent has this MOA?

blocks ATP synthesis or increases ATPase hydrolysis

A

Niclosamide

42
Q

What is nice about Niclosamide absorption?

A

It is rapidly absorbed orally

43
Q

What anti-worm agent should you avoid ETOH within 1 day of?

A

Niclosamide

Pharm Exam 4 (10 decks)

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