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PHARMACOLOGY > Anti-Convulsants > Flashcards

Anti-Convulsants Flashcards

1
Q

What drug used to treat diabetes blocks voltage gated Na+ channels?

A

Lamotrigine

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2
Q

How does Lamotrigine work as an anti-convulsant drug

A

Blocks voltage gates Na+ channels which prevents Na+ influx and the depolarisation of glutamatergic neurones, and therefore reduces glutamate excitotoxicity

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3
Q

What is the drug target of lamotrigine?

A

Voltage gated Na+ Channels

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4
Q

What are the side effects of lamotrigine?

A

rash, drowsiness, suicidal thoughts

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5
Q

What are the four drugs used to treat Epilepsy?

A

Sodium Valproate
Levetiracetam
Diazepam
Lamotrigine

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6
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of sodium valproate?

A

Inhibition of GABA transaminase prevents the breakdown of GABA.
This increases GABA concentrations directly in the synapse presynaptically and also indirectly prolongs GABA in the synapse due to the fact that extraneuronal metabolism of GABA is slowed which also slows GABA removal from the synapse.

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7
Q

What is the drug target of Sodium Valproate?

A

GABA Transaminase

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8
Q

What are the side effects of sodium valproate?

A

Stomach pain, diarrhoea, drowsiness, hair loss, weight gain

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9
Q

describe the mechanism of action of diazepam?

A

Increases choride ion influx in response to GABA binding at the GABA A receptor. Increased chloride ion influx associated with hyperpolarisation of excitatory neurones.

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10
Q

What is the drug target of diazepam?

A

benzodiazepine site on the GABA A receptor

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11
Q

What are the side effects of diazepam?

A

Drowsiness, respiratory depression,

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12
Q

Why is diazepam not used long term for the suppression of seizures

A

due to the development of tolerance

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13
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Levetirecam?

A

Inhibition of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. It inhibits this protein and prevents vesicle exocytosis. A reduction in glutamate secretion is reduces glutamate excitotoxicity - therefore less seizures

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14
Q

what is the drug target of levetirecam?

A

synaptic vesicle protein SV2A

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Levetirecam?

A

Dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, headache

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16
Q

Why is levetirecam particularly favourable?

A

The metabolism of it has no effect on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system so has no drug-drug interactions

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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