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Pharm 2018-2019 > Anti-Cancer Drugs - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Anti-Cancer Drugs - Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

two competing theories of tumor genesis are:

A
  1. Clonal Evolution 2. Cancer Stem cells
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2
Q

what do cyclin-CDK complexes do to their targets?

A

phosphorylate them (kinase)

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3
Q

Cdk2-cyclin A functions in (G1/ S/ G2+M) phase

A

S

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4
Q

Cdk1-cyclin B functions in (G1/ S/ G2+M) phase

A

G2+M

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5
Q

which cyclin-Cdk complexes can phosphorylate Rb? (3)

A

cyc E cdk 2 cyc D cdk 4cyc D cdk 6(E2, D4, D6)

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6
Q

hyperphosphorylation of Rb causes the release of _____

A

E2F

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7
Q

E2F activates the transcription of genes whose products control progression from ___ to ___ phase

A

G1 to S phase

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8
Q

Rb releases E2F when it becomes __________ by cyclin-Cdk complexes: E2, D4, D6

A

hyperphosphoryalted

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9
Q

These are cystine proteases that are activated in response to apoptotic insults such as cancer drugs: ______

A

Capsases

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10
Q

This is released into the cytosol from the mitochondria during apoptosis: _________

A

Cytochrome C

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11
Q

Anticancer drug resistance due to dysregulation of the apoptosis promoting genes due to mutations is known as (intrinsic/acquired) resistance

A

intrinsic

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12
Q

Anticancer Drug resistance due to dysregulation of one or both apoptotic pathways during chemotherapy is (intrinsic/acquired) resistance

A

acquired resistance (the key is during chemo)

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13
Q

the ABVD drugs are

A

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) bleomycin vinblastine dacarbazine

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14
Q

the CHOP drugs are

A

Cyclophosphamide hydroxydoxorubacin Vincristine (Oncovine) Prednisone

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15
Q

the MOPP drugs are

A

Mechlorethamine Vincristine (oncovine) Procarbazine Prednisone

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16
Q

the CMF drugs are

A

Cyclophosphamine Methotrexate 5-fluorouracil

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17
Q

the FEC drugs are

A

5-fluorouracil Epirubicin Cyclophosphamide

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18
Q

This class of anti-cancer drugs transfers alkyl groups to DNA

A

alkylating agents

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19
Q

This alkylating agent is part of the MOPP treatment and is good for hodgkin’s lymphoma, ALL, choroicarcinoma, Burkitt and T-cell lymphoma (methotrexate/mechlorethamine)

A

mechclorethamine

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20
Q

These two alkylating agents are given as pro-drugs and are activated by a liver p450 (mechlorethamine/ cyclophosphamide/ Ifosfamide)

A

cyclophosphamide and Ifosphamide

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21
Q

These two alkylating agents lead to hemorragic cysts and bladder irritation due to the acrolein metabolite (mechlorethamine/ cyclophosphamide/ Ifosfamide)

A

cyclophosphamide and Ifosphamide

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22
Q

The alkylating agents that are nitrosoureas are (Carmustine + Lomustine/ Dacarbazine + Procarbazine)

A

Carmustine and Lomustine

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23
Q

Carmustine and Lomustine are good for treating (hodgkin’s/ brain tumors/ ovarian cancer)

A

brain tumors

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24
Q

These drugs are soluble across the BBB (nitrosoureas /platinum analogs/ triazenes)

A

nitrosoureasCarmustine and Lomustine

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25
Since the nitrosoureas Carmustine and Lomustine have good solubilities, they can get into bones and have the side effect of __________
myelosupression
26
This triazene is part of the ABVD combination regiment (Doxorubicin/ dacarbazine/ procarbazine/ temozolomide)
dacarbazine doxorubicin is adrimacin, an anthracycline
27
(dacarbazine/ temozolomide) is administered IV and (dacarbazine/ temozolomide) is administered orally
dacarbazine is IV temozolomide is oral
28
this platinum analog is known for its renal toxicity (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
cisplatin
29
this platinum analog is known for its myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
carboplatin
30
this platinum analog is known for its neutropenia and eripheral censory loss (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
oxaliplatin
31
The platinum analogs are (alkylating/ DNA intercalating) agents
alkylating
32
the platinum analogs are made cytotoxic by reacting with (p450/ water)
water
33
cyclophosphamide and Ifosphamide are made cytotoxic by reacting with (p450/ water)
p450
34
platinum analog best for testicular, ovarian, bladder and lung carcinomas (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
cisplatin
35
platinum analog best for ovarian cancer (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
carboplatin
36
platinum analog best for gastric and colorectal cancer (Cisplatin/ Carboplatin/ Oxaliplatin)
oxaliplatin
37
Methotrexate (can/ cannot) penetrate the CNS
cannot, administered intrathecally for meningeal leukemia
38
5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, gemcitabine are (pyrimidine/ purine) analog
pyrimidine
39
5-fluorouracil is converted to 5-FdUMP which inhibits _______ synthase
thymidylate synthase
40
This pyrimidine analog can give hand-foot syndrome with erythema and sensitivity (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine)
5-fluorouracil
41
This pyrimidine analog is most effective for AML and CML (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine)
cytarabine (cyta for CML and AML)
42
This pyrimidine analog can be made into a topical cream for basal cell carcinoma and face peels (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine)
5-fluorouracil (5-fluoro for the face)
43
Which is the best for solid tumors in the head, neck, esophagus, and non-small cell lung (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
gemcitabine
44
Which is a pyrimidine analog of cytidine? (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
cytarabine and gemcitabine
45
Which is S phase specific? (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
All of them! 5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine
46
This is our only purine analog (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
6-mercaptopurine
47
This chemotheraputic prodrug must be metabolized by HGRPRT (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
6-mercaptopurine
48
Used to maintain remission in acute ALL (5-fluorouracil/ cytarabine/ gemcitabine/ 6-mercaptopurine)
6-mercaptopurine
49
Dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin are all (Base analogs/ intercalating agents/ antibiotics)
BOTH intercalating agents and antibiotics
50
Which act in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? (doxorubicin/ epirubicin/ idarubicin/ bleomycin)
bleomycin
51
What are our 2 microtubule formation inhibiting drugs?
1. Vinblastine 2. Vincristine
52
Which is part of ABVD therapy (Vinblastine/ Vincristine)
Vinblastine
53
Which has dose limiting neurotoxicity (Vinblastine/ Vincristine)
Vincristine
54
What are our 2 microtubule degradation inhibiting drugs?
1. Paclitaxel2. Docetaxel
55
Vinca alkaloids prevent microtubule (polymerization/depolymerization) and Taxanes prevent microtubule (polymerization/depolymerization)
Vinca prevent polymerization Taxanes prevent depolymerization
56
This enzyme works to relieve torsional strain on DNA stands
Topoisomerase
57
Etoposide and teniposide both inhibit (topoisomerase I/ topoisomerase II)
topoisomerase II
58
Tamoxifen is used for anti-________ therapy
Estrogen
59
use of tamoxifen increases the risk of ________
endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events
60
Anastrozole, Letrozole and Exemestane all do the same thing. They are _________ inhibitors
aromatase inhibitors
61
Leuprolide and Goserelin both do the same thing, bind and block the _________ receptor
bind and block the GnRH receptor
62
If Leuprolide and Goserelin block the GnRH receptor, ____ and _____ wont be released
FSH and LH are not released
63
What are the two non-steriodal androgen-receptor blockers?
Leuprolide and Goserelin
64
Hydroxyurea inhibits the enzyme _______
ribonucleotide reductase
65
What drug can treat myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytopenia and SICKLE CELL?
Hydroxyurea
66
These drugs induce terminal differentiation in malignant immature promyelocytes for treatment of APL
Retinoids
67
This drug can treat multiple myeloma but historically caused birth defects in children
Thalidomide
68
Imatinib, Gefitinib, Erlotinib are all in the class of ____ _____ _____
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
69
Arsenic trioxide can be used to treat relapse of ____ ________ _______
Acute promyelocystic anemia
70
Imatinib inhibits (Abl kinase /PDGFR/ c-kit/ EGFR)
Abl kinase, PDGFR and c-kit
71
Gefitinib and erlotinib inhibit (Abl kinase /PDGFR/ c-kit/ EGFR)
EGRF for NSCLC
72
What drug is a monoclonal antibody against HER2/neu for breast cancer treatment?
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
73
Which id a monoclonal antibody against EGRF1 (ErbB1) for treatment of EGFR-positive colon cancer (Gefitinib/ Erlotinib/ Cetuximab)
Cetuximab
74
Which inhibits DHODH which is required for pyrimidine synth (methotrexate/leflunomide)
Leflunomide
75
This drug inhibits a renal ion transporter and increases excretion of uric acid
Probenecid
76
Doxorubicin and cisplatin work by activating the cell protein ______
p53
77
This drug binds the Bcl-Abl tyrosine kinase at the site where ATP normally binds. It is ________
Imatinib
78
the BRAF mutation is characteristic of about 50% of this type of cancer: ______
melanomas
79
Generally, the best drug for a malignant melanoma without BRAF v600e/k is _______
dacarbazine(a triazine alkylating agent)
80
Ipilimumab is used to treat (CML/ALL/Melanoma)
melanoma
81
Ipilimumab is an inhibitor of ______
CTLA-4
82
The ErbB# family is has an equivalent name, _____. So ErbB2 is the same as ______
HER#ErbB2 is HER2/neu
83
The 3 drugs for melanoma are:
Dabrafenib Vemurafenib Trametineb
84
This drug for melanoma inhibits Mitogen activated extracellular kinase (MEK) (Dabrafenib/ Vemurafenib/ Trametineb)
Trametinib
85
These two drugs treat NSCLC:
Erlotinib Gefitinib

Pharm 2018-2019 (7 decks)

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