Anti-biotic Drugs Flashcards
what additional drug do the beta-lactam drugs need to make the drug more powerful against those MOs?
BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR
He discovered the mold that produced Penicillin which was the first antibiotic to be used and marketed
Alexander Fleming
primarily effective against one type of organism (selective)
NARROW SPECTRUM
effective against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
BROAD SPECTRUM
this is the drug of choice for gram-positive cocci (such as Streptococcus pneumonia, viridian, and pyogenes), meningitis caused by gram-negative cocci, Neisseria meningitides and for syphilis caused by Spirochete treponema pallidum
PENICILLINS
MEC means?
Minimum Effective Concentration
a bioassay performed on the skin which detects the presence of allergen-specific IgEon a patient’s mast cells
Skin testing
you have to limit the consumption of this drug if the patient have prosthetic heart valves and recurring urinary tract infections
PROPHYLACTIC
Enumerate the Five Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action
1) inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
2) alteration of membrane permeability
3) inhibition of protein synthesis; 4) inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
5) interference with metabolism within the cell
The patient who took penicillin has hyperkalemia what nursing intervention should you do?
Monitor cardiac status and electrolytes levels
this kind of drug penetrates the bacterial cell wall and have an affinity for the bacteria’s binding sites
Antibacterial Drugs
what are the anti-biotic combinations?
- ADDITIVE EFFECT
- POTENTIATIVE EFFECT
- ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
DOC for Rickettsia, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, spirochetes such as syphilis and Lyme
TETRACYCLINES
this drug is prescribed to patients who are allergic to penicillins
MACROLIDES
What should you do when the patient who took Macrolides had ototoxicity with high-dose therapy?
Monitor for hearing loss, vertigo, and ringing in the ear. then notify the provider if these occur.
This drug should be administered
in oral preparation on an empty stomach (1hr before or 2 hrs after) with a full glass of water unless with GI distress
Azithromycin (MACROLIDES)
most effective antimalarial drug for eradicating the parasite during the exoerythrocytic phase
PRIMAQUINE
when the antifolate drugs (methotrexate, sulfonamides) are mixed or added to Pyrimethamine what happens?
the bone marrow suppression increases
These kinds of drugs are very specific with the worms they can kill, thus accurate identification of causative organisms prior to treatment is necessary
anti-helminthic drugs
This drug increases the permeability of the cell membrane of the worm which causes dislodgement on the site of residence which they are then killed by the host
Praziquantel
