anti-beetus Flashcards
rapid onset insulin-analogs
aspart
lispro
glulisine
name the intermediate duration insulin analog
isophane NPH
name the long acting insulin analogs
glargine(lantus)
detemir
which anti-diabetic drugs increase insulin secretion by b-cells at pancreas?
sulfonylureas
meglitinides – for people w/sulfa allergy
onset of action for endogenous insulin(short-acting)
30-60 minutes; peak effect @ 2-4 hours; 6-10 in total
what are biguanides and what is their mechanism of action?
adverse effects?
metformin!
increased insulin sensitivitiy
decreased heopatic gluconeogenesis
increased risk of lactic acidosis – dont use in patients with renal failure
impaired b12 absorption – check annually
GI discomfort - NVD
mechanism of thiazolidinediones
adverse effects?
increased insulin sensitivity via PPAR-y TF activation
AE: wt gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure
name the thiazolidinediones
rosiglitazone
plioglitazone
thia-zoli-dined-ione
rosi uses pliers in the thigh-zone
mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
name them!
acarbose, miglitol
stop alpha-glucosidase fro breaking down starch and dissacharides in the intestines
lots of gas, bloating, diarrhea, etc
mechanism of DPP4 inhibitors
DPP4 usually inhibits incretins/GLP-1; inhibition of DPP4 causes a rise in serum incretin!
sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin,
sitar, saxaphone, violin - griffin
used in type II diabetes where post-prandial incretin release is diminished
name the GLP-1 receptor agonists
mechanism
exenatide, liraglutide
act as agonists at incretin/GLP-1 receptors causing:
- an increase in post-prandial insulin secretion,
- suppression of postprandial glucagon,
- slow gastric emptying,
- increasing satiety
Good Looking People – LIke EXErcising
where are SGLT-2 receptors?
what drugs selectively inhibit these?
they are in the kidneys! they usually reabsorb lots of glucose
inhibitors, like invokana, farxiga, will cause an osmotic diuresis and decrease in blood glucose
which anti-diabetic drugs increase insulin sensitivity?
thazolidinediones(rosiglitazone, plioglitazone) – PPAR
biguanides(metformin)
which anti-diabetic drugs affect incretin?
DPP4 inhibitors(sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) – prevents degradation
GLP-1 receptor agonists(exenatide, liraglutide)
which anti-diabetic drugs put the patient at risk for hypoglycemia
insulin
sulfonylurea, meglitinides
