Anti-bacterial Drugs Flashcards
What type of antibiotic is teicoplanin?
Glycopeptide
What type of anti biotic is daptomycin?
Cyclic lipopeptide
What type of antibiotic is linezolid?
Oxazolidinone
What does trimethoprim inhibit?
Purine synthesis (of nucleic acid synthesis)
What is vancomycin active against?
Gram possitive bacteria
What doe betalactams inhibit?
Cell wall synthesis
(By binding to PBP rendering it inactive which is required for peptidoglycan synthesis of cell wall)
What strain of bacteria is gentamycin active against?
Gram negative
What are macrolides useful for in some patients?
Alternative treatment to pencillin and cephalosporin of gram possitive infections if patient is allergic to penicillins
About 10% of what 3 species are resistant to gentamicin?
Staph. Aureus, staph. pyogens and step. Pneumoniae
What strain of bacteria is daptomycin active against?
Gram possitive (particularly MRSA)
How do flouroquinolones work?
They inhibit DNA synthesis (of nucleic acid synthesis)
What strain of bacteria is ciproflaxin active against?
Gram negative
What is a downfall of ciproflaxin?
Cannot be used in children
Name a newer flouroquinolone which also has activity against gram possitives e.g. Strep.pneumonia
Levoflaxin
How does sulphamethoxazole work?
Inhibits Purine synthesis
What group of drugs has the widest spectrum of all?
Carbapenems
What is different about piperacillin compared to all the other penicillins?
Piperacillin is active against the pseudononas species
Name 2 carbapenems.
Imipenem and meropenem
Co-trimoxazole is used for the treatment of what?
Chest infections
How is linezolid administered?
Orally
How is gentamicin administered?
Intravenously
What is trimethoprim, used on its own, used for the treatment of?
Urinary tract infection
What is co-trimaxazole and what is it used for the treatment of?
Flouroquinolones - Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole
Treatment of chest infection
Clarithromysin provides better cover against what bacteria?
Haemophillus influenzae
Why has the use of cephalosporins decreased?
They encourage clostridium difficile infections
Name a cephalosporin which is part of the:
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd geberation
1st - cephradine
2nd - cefuroxime
3rd- cephtriaxone
The cephalosporin ceftriaxone is part of what geberation?
3rd
The cephalosporin cefuroxime is part of which generation?
2nd
Macrolides are also active against organisms that cause what?
Atypical pneumonia
What type of antibiotic is azithromycin?
Macrolide
What is azithromycin used for the treatment of?
Chlamydia infection (single dose)
Name 5 miscellaneous anti biotics.
Metronidazole
Fusidic acid
Trimethoprim
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
What is the miscellaneous antibiotic tetracycline used for the treatment of?
Genital tract and chest infection
What is the miscellaneous antibiotic trimethoprim used for the treatment of?
UTI
When trimethoprim is attached to sulphamexazole to create co- trimoxazole, what is it used to treat?
Chest infection
What is the miscellaneous antibiotic metronidazole active against?
And therefore what is it used to treat?
All anaerobes (possitive and negative)
Intra abdominal sepsis
What is fusidic acid active against?
What infections is it used to treat?
Streptococcal bacteria
Osteomyelitis and pneumonia
Which miscellaneous anti biotic is active against gram possitive and anaerobes?
Clindamycin
Name a miscellaneous antibiotic that is only active against anaerobes.
Metronidazole
Name 2 drugs which arent used in pregnancy
Metronidazole and trimethoprim
Name the antibiotics that are known to be safe in pregancy
Penicillins, cephalosporins, nitrofurantoin ( urinary antiseptic)
An adult admitted to the hospital with lovar penumonnia is likely to be infected with pneumoicocci.
Therefore what agent should he be treated eith until the lab results are back?
Benzylpenicillin or amoxicillin
What are the bacteriostatic drugs?
Macrolides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim
