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Drugs for Foundations of Medicine > Anti-bacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-bacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antibiotic is teicoplanin?

A

Glycopeptide

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2
Q

What type of anti biotic is daptomycin?

A

Cyclic lipopeptide

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3
Q

What type of antibiotic is linezolid?

A

Oxazolidinone

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4
Q

What does trimethoprim inhibit?

A

Purine synthesis (of nucleic acid synthesis)

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5
Q

What is vancomycin active against?

A

Gram possitive bacteria

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6
Q

What doe betalactams inhibit?

A

Cell wall synthesis
(By binding to PBP rendering it inactive which is required for peptidoglycan synthesis of cell wall)

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7
Q

What strain of bacteria is gentamycin active against?

A

Gram negative

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8
Q

What are macrolides useful for in some patients?

A

Alternative treatment to pencillin and cephalosporin of gram possitive infections if patient is allergic to penicillins

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9
Q

About 10% of what 3 species are resistant to gentamicin?

A

Staph. Aureus, staph. pyogens and step. Pneumoniae

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10
Q

What strain of bacteria is daptomycin active against?

A

Gram possitive (particularly MRSA)

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11
Q

How do flouroquinolones work?

A

They inhibit DNA synthesis (of nucleic acid synthesis)

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12
Q

What strain of bacteria is ciproflaxin active against?

A

Gram negative

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13
Q

What is a downfall of ciproflaxin?

A

Cannot be used in children

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14
Q

Name a newer flouroquinolone which also has activity against gram possitives e.g. Strep.pneumonia

A

Levoflaxin

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15
Q

How does sulphamethoxazole work?

A

Inhibits Purine synthesis

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16
Q

What group of drugs has the widest spectrum of all?

A

Carbapenems

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17
Q

What is different about piperacillin compared to all the other penicillins?

A

Piperacillin is active against the pseudononas species

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18
Q

Name 2 carbapenems.

A

Imipenem and meropenem

19
Q

Co-trimoxazole is used for the treatment of what?

A

Chest infections

20
Q

How is linezolid administered?

A

Orally

21
Q

How is gentamicin administered?

A

Intravenously

22
Q

What is trimethoprim, used on its own, used for the treatment of?

A

Urinary tract infection

23
Q

What is co-trimaxazole and what is it used for the treatment of?

A

Flouroquinolones - Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole
Treatment of chest infection

24
Q

Clarithromysin provides better cover against what bacteria?

A

Haemophillus influenzae

25
Q

Why has the use of cephalosporins decreased?

A

They encourage clostridium difficile infections

26
Q

Name a cephalosporin which is part of the:
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd geberation

A

1st - cephradine
2nd - cefuroxime
3rd- cephtriaxone

27
Q

The cephalosporin ceftriaxone is part of what geberation?

A

3rd

28
Q

The cephalosporin cefuroxime is part of which generation?

A

2nd

29
Q

Macrolides are also active against organisms that cause what?

A

Atypical pneumonia

30
Q

What type of antibiotic is azithromycin?

A

Macrolide

31
Q

What is azithromycin used for the treatment of?

A

Chlamydia infection (single dose)

32
Q

Name 5 miscellaneous anti biotics.

A

Metronidazole
Fusidic acid
Trimethoprim
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin

33
Q

What is the miscellaneous antibiotic tetracycline used for the treatment of?

A

Genital tract and chest infection

34
Q

What is the miscellaneous antibiotic trimethoprim used for the treatment of?

A

UTI

35
Q

When trimethoprim is attached to sulphamexazole to create co- trimoxazole, what is it used to treat?

A

Chest infection

36
Q

What is the miscellaneous antibiotic metronidazole active against?
And therefore what is it used to treat?

A

All anaerobes (possitive and negative)
Intra abdominal sepsis

37
Q

What is fusidic acid active against?
What infections is it used to treat?

A

Streptococcal bacteria
Osteomyelitis and pneumonia

38
Q

Which miscellaneous anti biotic is active against gram possitive and anaerobes?

A

Clindamycin

39
Q

Name a miscellaneous antibiotic that is only active against anaerobes.

A

Metronidazole

40
Q

Name 2 drugs which arent used in pregnancy

A

Metronidazole and trimethoprim

41
Q

Name the antibiotics that are known to be safe in pregancy

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, nitrofurantoin ( urinary antiseptic)

42
Q

An adult admitted to the hospital with lovar penumonnia is likely to be infected with pneumoicocci.
Therefore what agent should he be treated eith until the lab results are back?

A

Benzylpenicillin or amoxicillin

43
Q

What are the bacteriostatic drugs?

A

Macrolides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim

Drugs for Foundations of Medicine (4 decks)

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