Anti Asthma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Anti asthma drugs types?

A

Long Term Management

Acute Relief

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2
Q

Long Term Management Asthma drugs?

A
  1. Corticosteroids
  2. Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitor
  3. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  4. Anti-IgE Antibody
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3
Q

Corticosteroids drugs?

A

– Fluticasone (most potent)

– Ciclesonide (long acting)

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4
Q

Corticosteroids mechanism of action?

A

• Intracellular signalling molecule downregulating the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response (↓ immune cell activation, ↓ leukocyte recruitment

• Increased expression of β2 receptors facilitating β2
adrenergist action (synergistic)
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5
Q

Corticosteroids Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Local immunosuppression – candidiasis, dysphonia
  • Systemic effects – more prone to infection
  • Adrenal suppression, osteoporosis
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6
Q

Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitor drugs?

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

• Limited use after advent of COX-2
inhibitors

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7
Q

Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitor mechanism of action?

A

• Decreased leukotriene production esp in NSAID induced asthma where substrates are shunted to lipooxygenase and leukotriene pathway

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8
Q

Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitor Side Effects & Contraindications?

A

Minimal

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9
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer drugs?

A

Cromolyn

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10
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer mechanism of action?

A

Downregulate mass cell activity and degranulation

by preventing IgE mediated activation

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11
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Throat irritation and dryness

* Coughing

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12
Q

Anti-IgE Antibody drugs?

A

Omalizumab

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13
Q

Anti-IgE Antibody mechanism of action?

A

Reduce IgE levels in the body

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14
Q

Anti-IgE Antibody Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Allergic reaction

* Expensive

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15
Q

Acute Relief drugs?

A
  1. β2 Adrenergist
  2. Methylxanthine
  3. Anti-muscarinics
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16
Q

β2 Adrenergist drugs?

A

Salbutamol (Bronchiole smooth muscle relaxation, 3-6 hr)

Salmeterol (Maintenance/prevention, 12 hr)

Indacaterol (COPD only, 24 hr)

17
Q

β2 Adrenergist mechanism of action?

A

Direct agonism of β2 receptors in the airways leading to bronchodilation by
↑cAMP, ↑ [Ca2+], ↓MLCK activity,
↑K conductance

18
Q

β2 Adrenergist Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Fine muscular tremors and cramps
  • Palpitations and tachycardia
  • Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia
19
Q

Methylxanthine drugs?

A

• Theophylline (similar structure to caffeine)

20
Q

Methylxanthine mechanism of action?

A

• Inhibits phosphodiesterase leading to decreased cAMP breakdown that facilitates bronchodilation

21
Q

Methylxanthine Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • GIT disturbances: Vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspepsia
  • CNS disturbances: nervousness
  • CVS disturbances: arrhythmia
22
Q

Anti-muscarinics drugs?

A

• Ipatropium bromide, Tiotropium bromide

23
Q

Anti-muscarinics mechanism of action?

A

• Inhibits M3 muscarinic receptors preventing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

24
Q

Anti-muscarinics Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Dry mouth, unpleasant taste

* Urinary retention